Cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk among men with and without erectile dysfunction: case-control study

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim here was to evaluate cardiovascular risk through the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) criteria, C-reactive protein (CRP) assays and presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in men with and without erectile dysfunction diagnosed within a healthcare program. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. The patients were selected from a healthcare program at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, between January and December 2007. METHODS: 222 men were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into two groups: men with erectile dysfunction (n = 111) and men without erectile dysfunction (n = 111). The patients were stratified according to the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF domain). CRP and FRS were analyzed and the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The CRP levels were significantly higher among men with erectile dysfunction (P = 0.04). Patients with erectile dysfunction also had high FRS (P = 0.0015). CRP and FRS did not correlate with the severity of erectile dysfunction. The presence of metabolic syndrome was greater among men with erectile dysfunction (P < 0.05). The severity of erectile dysfunction was directly associated with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Men with erectile dysfunction presented higher cardiovascular risk according to the FRS criteria and CRP measurements. Severe erectile dysfunction seemed to have a correlation with metabolic syndrome.

Erectile Dysfunction Etiological Factors

“…Patients with higher body mass index are at greater risk of ED, even at the prospect of weight loss. Clinical factors like waist-hip ratio, body mass index and resting heart rate are significantly higher in patients with ED (Muller & Mulhall, 2006;Zambon, 2010).…”

“…Besides, hypercholesterolemia increases the proinflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction. (Vrentzos, 2007;Bal, 2007) Studies demonstrated a positive correlation between cardiovascular risks, hypercholesterolemia and erectile dysfunction (Zambon, 2010;Koenig, 2004) have demonstrated that men with ED had higher levels of C-reactive protein, which is an early marker of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. (Zambon, 2010;Koenig, 2004) …”

“…Not only the smoker, but passive exposure to cigarette smoke has a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction.Therefore, smoking increase the ED grade. (Feldman, 2000;Zambon, 2010;Muller & Mulhall, 2006).…”

“…In elderly men, this effect of metabolic syndrome on erectile function was not prominent, probably because www.intechopen.com aging itself is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction. (Bal, 2007) ED may provide a warning sign and an opportunity for early intervention among men who had previously been considered to have lower risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (Kupelian, 2006;Muller & Mulhall, 2006;Zambon, 2010).…”

Disfunção erétil associada à prática de atividade física e qualidade de vida de idosos

“…Homens com histórico de câncer de próstata, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo, obesidade, diabetes e depressão, também têm risco aumentado para DE 3,4 . Ainda, homens com DE grave apresentam maior risco de ter síndrome metabólica 5 . No Brasil, um estudo realizado em homens com média de idade de 37,6 anos, constatou que 45,1% apresentaram algum nível de DE, sendo 31,2% mí-nima, 12,2% moderada e 1,7% completa 3 .…”