Cardiovascular changes associated with intravenous administration of fumonisin B1 in horses

Smith, Geof W.; Constable, Peter D.; Foreman, Jonathan H.; Eppley, Robert M.; Waggoner, Amy L.; Tumbleson, Mike E; Haschek, Wanda M.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.538

Cited by 64 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The daily IV doses were calculated to be equivalent to 8 (0.01 mg FB 1 /kg body weight), 40 (0.05 mg/kg), 80 (0.10 mg/ kg), and 160 (0.20 mg/kg) ppm (ie, mg FB 1 /kg feed) daily oral doses, assuming 5% oral bioavailability. 26 …”

Section: Fumonisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical neurologic and CSF changes are reported in this paper. Hematologic and biochemical results, 29 cardiovascular measurements, 26 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 30 of postmortem brains, and postmortem examination findings 31 are reported separately.…”

Section: E Quine Leukoencephalomalacia (Elem) Is a Devastatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The horse was allowed to recover from anesthesia for at least 90 minutes to permit cardiovascular measurements (made only on the highest and lowest FB 1 dose horses and the controls). 26 Each horse was then euthanized with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg IV).…”

Section: Csf Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Solutions of FB 1 were reconstituted in phosphate-buffered saline. Doses varied between horses, but the total volume was no more than 10 mL/horse IV q24h.…”

Section: Fumonisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B₁Intravenously

Foreman

Constable

Waggoner

et al. 2004

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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The objective of this experiment was to characterize a dose-dependent toxic effect of fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) and to document initial neurologic signs, clinical progression, and terminal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes in horses administered FB 1 IV. Seventeen healthy horses were administered 0.00 (n ϭ 4), 0.01 (n ϭ 3), 0.05 (n ϭ 3), 0.10 (n ϭ 3), or 0.20 mg (n ϭ 4) of purified FB 1 IV q24h. When neurologic abnormalities observed by a masked observer became severe, atlanto-occipital CSF taps were performed and CSF pressure, cell count, cytology, protein, albumin and glucose concentrations, and creatine kinase activity were measured. Changes in CSF and number of days to 1st observation of neurologic abnormalities were compared between doses by ANOVA, with the level of significance set at P Ͻ .05. Control horses and low-dose horses (0.01 mg/kg) remained neurologically normal. In higher dose FB 1 -treated horses (n ϭ 10), initial clinical signs (days 4-10) included hindlimb ataxia, delayed forelimb placing, and decreased tongue tone and movement. Hindlimb and trunkal ataxia, depression, hyperesthesia, and intermittent dementia gradually became apparent. When data from all horses with neurologic abnormalities were pooled (0.05-0.20 mg/kg FB 1 ), mild clinical signs (mean day 6.3) occurred significantly earlier than did more severe (mean day 8.9) clinical signs (P ϭ .009). Neurologic horses had high CSF protein, albumin, and IgG concentrations and increased albumin quotients (P Ͻ .05). It was concluded that FB 1 -induced neurologic and CSF changes in a dose-dependent manner, with a no-observable-limit of 0.01 mg FB 1 /kg IV q24h for 28 days. The neurologic and CSF changes were consistent with vasogenic cerebral edema.

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Section: Fumonisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Quine Leukoencephalomalacia (Elem) Is a Devastatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Csf Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Solutions of FB 1 were reconstituted in phosphate-buffered saline. Doses varied between horses, but the total volume was no more than 10 mL/horse IV q24h.…”

Section: Fumonisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B₁Intravenously

Foreman

Constable

Waggoner

et al. 2004

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…18 An academic toxicologic pathologist led the subsequent multidisciplinary research effort that demonstrated that pulmonary edema occurred secondary to decreased myocardial contractility. 40 Additional work in calves, horses, and rodents has indicated unique species vulnerabilities and target organ localization following fumonisin exposure, as well as demonstrating that altered sphingolipid metabolism and hepatotoxicity characterize fumonisin toxicity in all species. This common finding led to the development of a rapid diagnostic test for fumonisin toxicity based on alterations in sphinganine and sphingosine levels in blood and tissues.…”

Section: Research By Toxicologic Pathologists In Academiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary

et al. 2014

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Veterinary pathologists working as toxicologic pathologists in academic settings fill many vital roles, such as diagnosticians, educators, and/or researchers. These individuals have spent years investigating pathology problems that mainly or exclusively focus on the reactions of cells, organs, or systems to toxic materials. Thus, academic toxicologic pathologists are uniquely suited both to help trainees understand toxicity as a cause of pathology responses and also to provide expert consultation on toxicologic pathology. Most toxicologic pathologists in academia are employed at colleges of medicine or veterinary medicine, even though specific toxicologic pathology faculty appointments are uncommon in Europe and North America. Academic toxicologic pathologists typically receive lower financial compensation than do toxicologic pathologists in industry, but academic positions generally provide alternative rewards, such as higher workplace autonomy and scheduling flexibility, professional enrichment through student interactions, and enhanced opportunities for collaborative research and advanced diagnostic investigations. Regular participation by academic toxicologic pathologists in professional training opportunities (eg, as pathology and toxicology instructors in medical and veterinary medical courses, graduate programs, and residencies) offers an important means of engendering interest and inspiring veterinarians to select toxicologic pathology and toxicology as their own areas of future expertise.Keywords pathology, pathology careers, toxicologic pathology, training, veterinary pathology education Shifting demographic stresses and societal resource requirements have presented new challenges and opportunities to veterinary practitioners and trainees with respect to creating pathways for long-lasting careers that have viability and vitality. Advanced education in veterinary pathology has been and remains a vibrant means of establishing an area of specialized biomedical expertise that improves flexibility for veterinarians throughout their postgraduate careers. An essential subbranch of this discipline is toxicologic pathology, which consists of a combination of knowledge and practical skills used to study the responses of cells, organs, and organisms to various toxic materials. Most toxicologic pathologists in Europe, Japan, and North America are employed by industry, where their skills in pathology data collection and analysis, as well as critical thinking and problem solving, are valued by fellow scientists, corporate managers, and regulators who rely on toxicologic pathology data in guiding product discovery and development. 45 However, the critical and sometimes unique roles that can be filled by toxicologic pathologists in other settings, such as academia, are seldom appreciated by the general public, the scientific community, or even other veterinary pathologists. This current mini-review was commissioned by the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) to identify and characterize the diverse contribut...

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Mycotoxins with a Special Focus on Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins and Fumonisins

Steyn

Gelderblom

Shephard

et al. 2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Mycotoxins are important environmental and carcinogenic agents. They are ubiquitous in a broad range of commodities and cause toxic responses when ingested by humans and animals. A review of mycotoxins is presented with special reference to the producing species, analytical methodology, occurrence, biological activity, decontamination, regulations and the risk assessment of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fumonisins. Some of the most recent studies regarding the mechanisms involved in fumonisin B 1 ‐induced biological effects in different cell culture systems are tabulated. The review is directed at updating the previous review of Steyn and Stander (1999) with a focus on recent findings.

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Cardiovascular changes associated with intravenous administration of fumonisin B1 in horses

Cited by 64 publications

References 42 publications

Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B₁Intravenously

Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B₁Intravenously

Commentary

Mycotoxins with a Special Focus on Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins and Fumonisins

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Cardiovascular changes associated with intravenous administration of fumonisin B1 in horses

Cited by 64 publications

References 42 publications

Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B1Intravenously

Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B1Intravenously

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Mycotoxins with a Special Focus on Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins and Fumonisins

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Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B₁Intravenously

Neurologic Abnormalities and Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Horses Administered Fumonisin B₁Intravenously