Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 vaccines: A review of case-report and case-series studies

Paknahad, Mohammad Hossein; Yancheshmeh, Fatereh Baharlouei; Soleimani, Azam

doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.02.003

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…These studies align with our observations and highlight the need for ongoing research into the longterm cardiac sequelae of COVID-19. The emergence of new-onset autoimmune phenomena following COVID-19 vaccination, affecting various systems including the cardiovascular system, has been documented [70]. Understanding these autoimmune responses is crucial for managing potential adverse effects post-vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disorders and Pregnancy Complications Post-COVID-19: Investigating the Potential Role of Vaccination

Sadiq,

Al-Amran

2023

Preprint

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In a detailed study of 420 pregnant women in the last trimester from southern and central Iraq, aged 15 to 36 years, the impact of COVID-19 vaccinations on cardiovascular risk factors was assessed. The study's cohort displayed diverse vaccination statuses, with 50% receiving two vaccine doses and 10% receiving one dose, involving brands like Pfizer and Sinopharm. The findings indicated a notable distinction in cardiovascular responses between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women. Vaccination seemed to reduce certain cardiovascular risks during pregnancy in the COVID-19 era. However, the extent of risk mitigation varied based on the number of vaccine doses and the vaccine type. In summary, the research suggests a potential protective effect of full COVID-19 vaccination against cardiovascular risks in pregnancy. These results highlight the need for further investigations into the specific effects of different COVID-19 vaccines on cardiovascular health in pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disorders and Pregnancy Complications Post-COVID-19: Investigating the Potential Role of Vaccination

Sadiq,

Al-Amran

2023

Preprint

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“… 14 As is well known, myocarditis is closely associated with proinflammatory factor release and inflammatory cell infiltration. 15 Furthermore, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase generates a large number of free radicals to satisfy the increased oxygen consumption during myocarditis phagocytosis. 16 Oxidative stress leads to cell injury and is vital in exacerbating myocardial damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-treatment with galectin-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocarditis by regulating the Nrf2 pathway

Shen,

Lu,

Chen

et al. 2023

Eur J Histochem

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Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a highly conserved family of animal lectins, plays a crucial role in controlling inflammation and neovascularization. However, the potential role of Gal-1 in preventing myocarditis remains uncertain. We aimed to explore the functions and mechanisms of Gal-1 in preventing myocarditis. In vivo, C57/BL6 mice were pre-treated with or without Gal-1 and then exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce myocarditis. Subsequently, cardiac function, histopathology, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of myocardial tissues were detected. Following this, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to measure iNOS, COX2, TXNIP, NLRP3 and Caspase-1 p10 expressions. In vitro, H9c2 cells pre-treated with different doses of Gal-1 were stimulated by LPS to induce myocarditis models. CCK8, flow cytometry and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were then employed to estimate cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions were evaluated by Western blotting in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that in vivo, Gal-1 pre-treatment not only moderately improved cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but also ameliorated myocardial inflammation and oxidative damage in mice with myocarditis. Furthermore, Gal-1 inhibited TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vitro, Gal-1 pre-treatment prevented LPS-induced apoptosis, cell viability decrease and ROS generation. Notably, Gal-1 elevated HO-1, total Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2 protein expressions both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, pre-treatment with Gal-1 exhibited cardioprotective effects in myocarditis via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, and the mechanism may relate to the Nrf2 pathway, which offered new solid evidence for the use of Gal-1 in preventing myocarditis.

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“…The highest incidence (10.69 cases per 100 000) was estimated for males between 16 and 29 years old. 85 Although the specific numerical estimate of myocarditis incidence varies across different countries and populations, the greatest risk for young males, mostly after the second dose of both mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax), has been confirmed by many reviews of case reports and series, 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 86 , 87 , 88 by large‐data analysis of passive surveillance programs such as VAERS, UK Yellow Card scheme, EudraVigilance or others, 58 , 89 , 90 , 91 and by systematic reviews and meta‐analysis. 59 , 60 , 92 The risk has been extended to male adolescents.…”

Section: Covid‐19 Vaccines and Main Serious Adverse Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and management of the main serious adverse events reported after COVID‐19 vaccination

Padilla‐Flores,

Sampieri,

Vaca

2024

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2n first appeared in Wuhan, China in 2019. Soon after, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The health crisis imposed by a new virus and its rapid spread worldwide prompted the fast development of vaccines. For the first time in human history, two vaccines based on recombinant genetic material technology were approved for human use. These mRNA vaccines were applied in massive immunization programs around the world, followed by other vaccines based on more traditional approaches. Even though all vaccines were tested in clinical trials prior to their general administration, serious adverse events, usually of very low incidence, were mostly identified after application of millions of doses. Establishing a direct correlation (the cause‐effect paradigm) between vaccination and the appearance of adverse effects has proven challenging. This review focuses on the main adverse effects observed after vaccination, including anaphylaxis, myocarditis, vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and transverse myelitis reported in the context of COVID‐19 vaccination. We highlight the symptoms, laboratory tests required for an adequate diagnosis, and briefly outline the recommended treatments for these adverse effects. The aim of this work is to increase awareness among healthcare personnel about the serious adverse events that may arise post‐vaccination. Regardless of the ongoing discussion about the safety of COVID‐19 vaccination, these adverse effects must be identified promptly and treated effectively to reduce the risk of complications.

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Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 vaccines: A review of case-report and case-series studies

Cited by 23 publications

References 141 publications

Cardiovascular Disorders and Pregnancy Complications Post-COVID-19: Investigating the Potential Role of Vaccination

Cardiovascular Disorders and Pregnancy Complications Post-COVID-19: Investigating the Potential Role of Vaccination

Pre-treatment with galectin-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocarditis by regulating the Nrf2 pathway

Incidence and management of the main serious adverse events reported after COVID‐19 vaccination

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