Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Understanding Symptoms and Risk Factors

Keteepe-Arachi, Tracey; Sharma, Sanjay

doi:10.15420/ecr.2016:32:1

Cited by 81 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, this study explores a different set of informative risk factors for males and females HF patients to predict their survival. Our findings are consistent with some other studies [6, 32]. It is possible to question the generalizability of our findings because the data is collected from only two main hospitals of Faisalabad.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Gender based survival prediction models for heart failure patients: A case study in Pakistan

et al. 2019

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Objectives The objective of this study was to build and assess the performance of survival prediction models using the gender-specific informative risk factors for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Methods A lasso approach was used to decide the informative predictors for building semi-parametric proportional hazards Cox model. Separate models were built for all patients [N = 299], male patients [N male = 194 (64.88%)], and female patients [N female = 105 (35.12%)], to observe the risk factors associated with the individual’s risk of death. The likelihood- ratio test was used to test the goodness of fit of the selected model, and the C-index was used to assess the predictive performance of the selected model(s) with respect to the overall model with all observed risk factors. Results The survival prediction model for females is notably different from that for males. For males, smoking, diabetes, and anaemia, whereas for females, ejection fraction, sodium, and platelets count are non-informative with zero regression coefficients. The goodness of fit of the selected models with respect to the general model with all observed risk factors is tested using the likelihood-ratio test. The results are in favor of the selected models with p-values 0.51,0.61, and 0.70 for all patients, male patients, and female patients, respectively. The same values of C-index for the full model and the selected models for overall data, for males, and for females (0.72, 0.73, and 0.77 for overall data, male data, and female data, respectively) indicate that the selected models are as good as the corresponding overall models regarding their predictive performance. Conclusion There is a substantial difference in the survival prediction models for heart failure (HF) of male and female patients in this study. More studies are needed in Pakistan for confirming this striking male-female difference regarding the potential risk factors to predict survival with heart failure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Gender based survival prediction models for heart failure patients: A case study in Pakistan

et al. 2019

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“…Indeed, previous studies have showed that breast cancer survivors treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy may develop systolic cardiac dysfunction or cardiovascular disease (CVD) up to 10 years after diagnosis [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ]. In women, such dysfunction often has a vague onset that can lead to undertreatment [ 8 ]. Long-term breast cancer survivors are also at a higher odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms than their peers with no history of cancer [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms in long-term breast cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study in primary care

et al. 2020

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Various long-term symptoms can manifest after breast cancer treatment, but we wanted to clarify whether these are more frequent among long-term breast cancer survivors than matched controls and if they are associated with certain diagnoses. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 350 breast cancer survivors treated with chemo-and/or radiotherapy 5 years (median 10) after diagnosis and 350 women without cancer matched by age and primary care physician. All women completed a questionnaire enquiring about symptoms, underwent echocardiography to assess the left ventricle ejection fraction, and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Cardiovascular diseases were diagnosed from primary care records. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, symptoms were adjusted for the long-term effects and compared between cohorts and within the survivor group. Results: Concentration difficulties, forgetfulness, dizziness, and nocturia were more frequent among breast cancer survivors compared with controls, but differences could not be explained by cardiac dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, depression, or anxiety. Intermittent claudication and appetite loss were more frequent among breast cancer survivors than controls and associated with cardiac dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Breast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy were at significantly higher odds of forgetfulness and nocturia, but significantly lower odds of dizziness, compared with breast cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy alone. Conclusions: Intermittent claudication and appetite loss are common among breast cancer survivors and are associated with cardiac dysfunction and mood disorders. Other symptoms varied by whether the patient underwent chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy (forgetfulness and nocturia) radiotherapy alone (dizziness).

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“…Furthermore, preventive care including counseling and prophylactic treatment is less likely to be offered to women than men with similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk ( 87 , 89 ), while medical management of these patients tends to be less vigorous, thus more rarely achieving optimal results ( 90 , 91 ). While most cardiovascular risk factors in women overlap with those in men, several circumstances remain characteristic of women ( 92 , 93 ), as it can be seen outlined in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease In Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Increased Oxidative Stress on Cardiovascular Diseases in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

et al. 2021

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder that affects around 5% to 10% of women of childbearing age worldwide, making it the most common source of anovulatory infertility. PCOS is defined by increased levels of androgens, abnormal ovulation, irregular menstrual cycles, and polycystic ovarian morphology in one or both ovaries. Women suffering from this condition have also been shown to frequently associate certain cardiovascular comorbidities, including obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and vascular disease. These factors gradually lead to endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery calcification, thus posing an increased risk for adverse cardiac events. Traditional markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine, along with more novel ones, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), can accurately signal the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PCOS women. Furthermore, studies have also reported that increased oxidative stress (OS) coupled with poor antioxidant status significantly add to the increased cardiovascular risk among these patients. OS additionally contributes to the modified ovarian steroidogenesis, consequently leading to hyperandrogenism and infertility. The present review is therefore aimed not only at bringing together the most significant information regarding the role of oxidative stress in promoting CVD among PCOS patients, but also at highlighting the need for determining the efficiency of antioxidant therapy in these patients.

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Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Understanding Symptoms and Risk Factors

Cited by 81 publications

References 45 publications

Gender based survival prediction models for heart failure patients: A case study in Pakistan

Gender based survival prediction models for heart failure patients: A case study in Pakistan

Symptoms in long-term breast cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study in primary care

Impact of Increased Oxidative Stress on Cardiovascular Diseases in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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