Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Young Urban Women

Giardina, Elsa‐Grace V.; Paul, Tracy K.; Hayes, Dena E; Sciacca, Robert R.

doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5697

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The increased STEMI hospitalization in women aged 18 to 34 and 35 to 44 years are likely multifactorial. 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 First, as demonstrated in our study and several other studies, the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors in women of these age subgroups is increasing at alarming rates. 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 Also, these risk factors are less likely to be recognized and controlled when compared with the older subgroup (ages 45–55 years).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“… 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 First, as demonstrated in our study and several other studies, the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors in women of these age subgroups is increasing at alarming rates. 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 Also, these risk factors are less likely to be recognized and controlled when compared with the older subgroup (ages 45–55 years). 25 , 26 , 28 Second, the youngest women (18–34 years) were more likely to have nontraditional female‐specific or female‐predominant CVD risk factors such as major depression, autoimmune rheumatological diseases, and history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, with increasing trends over the years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“… 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 Also, these risk factors are less likely to be recognized and controlled when compared with the older subgroup (ages 45–55 years). 25 , 26 , 28 Second, the youngest women (18–34 years) were more likely to have nontraditional female‐specific or female‐predominant CVD risk factors such as major depression, autoimmune rheumatological diseases, and history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, with increasing trends over the years. 29 , 30 Nontraditional risk factors have been shown to inflict the highest risk for cardiovascular events among young women and are less modifiable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and Outcomes of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among Young Women in the United States

Abe

Olanipekun

Adedinsewo

et al. 2023

JAHA

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Background Although there has been a decrease in the incidence of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the United States, this trend might be stagnant or increasing in young women. We assessed the trends, characteristics, and outcomes of STEMI in women aged 18 to 55 years. Methods and Results We identified 177 602 women aged 18 to 55 with the primary diagnosis of STEMI from the National Inpatient Sample during years 2008 to 2019. We performed trend analyses to assess hospitalization rates, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profile, and in‐hospital outcomes stratified by three age subgroups (18–34, 35–44, and 45–55 years). We found STEMI hospitalization rates were decreased in the overall study cohort from 52 per 100 000 hospitalizations in 2008 to 36 per 100 000 in 2019. This was driven by decreased proportion of hospitalizations in women aged 45 to 55 years (74.2% to–71.7%; P <0.001). Proportion of STEMI hospitalizationincreased in women aged 18–34 (4.7%–5.5%; P <0.001) and 35–44 years (21.2%–22.7%; P <0.001). The prevalence of traditional and non‐traditional female‐specific or female‐predominant CVD risk factors increased in all age subgroups. The adjusted odds of in‐hospital mortality in the overall study cohort and age subgroups were unchanged throughout the study period. Additionally, we observed an increase in the adjusted odds of cardiogenic shock, acute stroke, and acute kidney injury in the overall cohort over the study period. Conclusions STEMI hospitalizations are increasing among women aged <45 years, and in‐hospital mortality has not changed over the past 12 years in women aged <55 years. Future studies on the optimization of risk assessment and management of STEMI in young women are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and Outcomes of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among Young Women in the United States

Abe

Olanipekun

Adedinsewo

et al. 2023

JAHA

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“…In addition, there is the fact that this transition may occur in a different manner at each location in middle-income countries, as observed in the present study in which the transition was faster and the association between income and worse cardiovascular risk was inverted only among women 9,23 . An Indian study on a population of an age similar to that of the present one detected a worsening of risk factors among their high-income subjects 9 , whereas a study conducted in the United States on a Hispanic population revealed that, despite the older age of the sample, high-income was associated with a reduction of risk factors 24 . The same has been found among elderly residents in São Paulo, Brazil, where low-income groups had higher CVD risk 25 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: a cross-sectional analysis of a Brazilian birth cohort

Silva

Bragança

Bettiol

et al. 2020

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Introduction: In high-income countries, persons of high socioeconomic status (SES) have a lower cardiovascular risk. However, in middle and low-income countries, the results are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the association between family income and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. Methods: A total of 2,063 individuals of a birth cohort initiated in 1978/79 in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, were evaluated at age of 23/25 years. Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high fibrinogen, insulin resistance, diabetes, abdominal and total obesity, and metabolic syndrome) were evaluated according to family income. Income was assessed in multiples of the minimum wage. Simple Poisson regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) with robust estimation of the variance. Results: High-income women showed lower prevalences of low HDL-cholesterol (PR = 0.47), total obesity (PR = 0.22), abdominal obesity (PR = 0.28), high blood pressure (PR = 0.28), insulin resistance (PR = 0.57), sedentary lifestyle (PR = 0.47), metabolic syndrome (PR = 0.24), and high caloric intake (PR = 0.71) (p < 0.05). High-income men showed lower prevalences of low HDL-cholesterol (PR = 0.73) and sedentarism (PR = 0.81) (p < 0.05). These results may be explained by the fact that high-income women pay more attention to healthy habits and those with the lowest family income are least likely to access health services resources and treatments. Conclusion: Women were in the final phase of the epidemiologic transition, whereas men were in the middle phase.

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“…The World Health Organization suggests decreasing the mortality rate of RHD by 25% by the year 2025. "Therefore; an understanding of existing features of the disease in patients living in endemic regions is mandatory" [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Echocardiographic Profile of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dall

Shaikh

Shah

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Background: Rheumatic Heart disease (RHD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease and more prevalent in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the clinical and echocardiographic profiles of patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Materials and Methods: All patients above the age of 12 years of either gender diagnosed with Rheumatic heart disease from January 2018 to December 2019 at tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad were enrolled in the study. Detailed patient data was obtained from the hospital records. Information regarding gender, age, Electrocardiogram findings, clinical and echocardiographic manifestations was obtained. Results: Throughout the two-year study period, a total of fifty patients with RHD were studied. The mean age of the population was 33.71 years. Females (64%) outnumbered males and 60% were rural population. The clinical features observed were fever (80%), joint pain (64%), palpitation (60%), breathlessness (90%) and chest pain (50%), tachycardia (60%), raised JVP (10%), hypertension (20%). The common echocardiographic findings observed were mitral stenosis (50%), mitral regurgitation (24%) and pulmonary hypertension (36%), left atrial enlargement (56%), and right atrial enlargement (16%) whereas the majority of the patients (70%) have ejection fraction between 40-50% and thrombus was identified in 15 (30%) patients respectively. Conclusion: Common clinical findings observed were breathlessness and fever while the common echocardiographic findings were mitral stenosis and regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and left atrial enlargement. Population-based screening by echocardiography could be a potential route for early screening of rheumatic heart disease.

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Young Urban Women

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Trends and Outcomes of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among Young Women in the United States

Trends and Outcomes of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among Young Women in the United States

Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: a cross-sectional analysis of a Brazilian birth cohort

Clinical and Echocardiographic Profile of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

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