Cardiovascular diseases in China: Current status and future perspectives

Abstract

Despite revolutionary advancement in medicine over the past century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Likewise, the morbidity and mortality of CVD in China are increasing persistently, although the government has taken an active part in the prevention and control of CVD. Here we present an overview regarding the current CVD status in China with respect to various disease phenotypes, as well as the anticipated future trend in accordance with the dynamics and distribution of pathogenesis in Chinese actual situations.

Clopidogrel‐associated genetic variants on inhibition of platelet activity and clinical outcome for acute coronary syndrome patients

“…Generally, patients with background of coronary atherosclerosis are more likely to develop acute coronary syndrome (ACS): the decreased blood flow as well as the platelet aggregation on the thrombogenic trigger point when plaque ruptures might contribute to the occurrence of ACS . According to an epidemiologic report in 2015, approximately 230 million people were affected by cardiovascular heart disease in China …”

“…3,4 According to an epidemiologic report in 2015, approximately 230 million people were affected by cardiovascular heart disease in China. 5 As suggested by the clinical practice guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), 3 dual antiplatelet therapy could prevent the re-infarction in ACS patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Clopidogrel is the most widely used P2Y 12 receptor antagonist irreversibly inhibiting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding to its receptor 6 and it plays an important role in the inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA).…”

Socioeconomic gradients of cardiovascular risk factors in China and India: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study and longitudinal aging study in India

“…The rapid population aging accompanied by economic growth in both countries has contributed to a transition in the disease profile from predominantly infectious diseases to chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), as major causes for mortality, morbidity, and functional impairment among older adults (Dummer and Cook 2008). The Chinese National Center on Cardiovascular Diseases estimated that there are about 230 million patients with CVD in China, including 200 million patients with hypertension, 7 million patients with stroke, 2 million patients with myocardial infarction, and 4.2 million patients with congestive heart failure (Li and Ge 2015). CVD has become the leading cause of mortality in China, accounting for 41% of all deaths (Li and Ge 2015).…”

“…The Chinese National Center on Cardiovascular Diseases estimated that there are about 230 million patients with CVD in China, including 200 million patients with hypertension, 7 million patients with stroke, 2 million patients with myocardial infarction, and 4.2 million patients with congestive heart failure (Li and Ge 2015). CVD has become the leading cause of mortality in China, accounting for 41% of all deaths (Li and Ge 2015). CVD-associated mortality and morbidity are also increasing rapidly in the Indian subcontinent, causing more than 25% of deaths (Gupta 2008).…”

Factors associated with unattained LDL-cholesterol goals in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome one year after percutaneous coronary intervention

“…[1–4] There are about 230 million patients with cardiovascular diseases in China alone. [5] Age, male gender, dyslipidemia, obesity, tobacco exposure, diabetes, hypertension, and a previous history of cardiovascular diseases are major risk factors for ACS. [3,4] Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD).…”