Cardiovascular effects of ginger aqueous extract and its phenolic constituents are mediated through multiple pathways

Possible mechanisms of action of the hypotensive effect ofAnnona muricata(soursop) in normotensive Sprague–Dawley rats

“…The present data indicate that the extract may exert its blood pressure lowering effect through the blockade of calcium ion channels; and this Ca 2+ antagonism is further demonstrated by its ability to relax high K + -induced contractions (Ghayur et al, 2005). Thus, the hypotensive properties of the aqueous extract of A. muricata may be through its calcium antagonism.…”

“…The effect of the aqueous leaf extract was examined after administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (2 mg/kg), the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol (1 mg/kg), the histamine H 1 receptor agonist, mepyramine (5 mg/kg), or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N ω -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 5 mg/kg) (Weldon et al, 1995;de Moura et al, 2005;Ghayur et al, 2005;Lessa et al, 2008;Diaz-Juarez et al, 2009). Each drug was given intravenously and allowed to incubate for 5 min before a bolus injection of 19.41 mg/kg (ED 50 ) A. muricata extract was infused.…”

“…were obtained and then redetermined after pre-treating the aortic rings for 60 min with the aqueous extract (Ghayur et al, 2005).…”

Recent perspectives on the medicinal potential of ginger

“…5 In another study, it was reported that the aqueous ginger extract lowers blood pressure through a dual inhibitory effect mediated via stimulation of muscarinic receptors and blockade of Ca ++ channels, and this study provides sound mechanistic basis for the use of ginger in hypertension and palpitations. 64 The effect of ginger tea on blood pressure of hypertensive individuals has been studied to determine and compare the mean arterial pressure, median number of hypertensive episodes of the respondents with and without intake of ginger tea. When the respondents started to drink 10 g of ginger tea twice a day from the 5th to 8th week, it has been shown that the average mean arterial pressure lowered to 94.804 mmHg.…”

Herbal and alternative medicine: the impact on anesthesia

“…48 Reports of interference with coagulation, platelet activity and drug metabolism (especially where drugs with narrow therapeutic windows are used) exist almost exclusively as case reports, and it is well known that adverse events of this nature is vastly underreported. 49 Further effects include direct inhibition of contractility, interference with conduction (prolonged QT interval), additive effects to cardiac drugs used (especially cardiac glycosides) and vasoconstriction or -dilatation.…”