Cardiovascular Effects of Marihuana in Man

Clark, Sharonda; Greene, Charles S.; Karr, Gerry; MacCannell, Keith L.; Milstein, Simón

doi:10.1139/y74-090

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…For example, smoking marijuana is associated with a dose-dependent increase in heart rate. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Although there is much interindividual variability, typical increases in heart rate associated with a single marijuana cigarette range from 20% to 100%, with the peak in heart rate occurring 10 to 30 minutes after beginning to smoke. 2,4,6 -8 In addition, most subjects experience an increase in blood pressure, particularly when supine.…”

Section: Mittleman Et Al Marijuana and Acute Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, smoking marijuana is associated with a dose-dependent increase in the resting heart rate of 20% to 100%. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Blood pressure is typically increased in the supine position, 3,6,7,9 and postural hypotension, which is often symptomatic, is common. Overall, there is a net increase in myocardial oxygen demand with a decrease in oxygen supply, which is due in part to an increase in carboxyhemoglobin 3 ; this results in a lower anginal threshold in patients with chronic stable angina.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Triggering Myocardial Infarction by Marijuana

et al. 2001

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Background-Marijuana use in the age group prone to coronary artery disease is higher than it was in the past. Smoking marijuana is known to have hemodynamic consequences, including a dose-dependent increase in heart rate, supine hypertension, and postural hypotension; however, whether it can trigger the onset of myocardial infarction is unknown. Methods and Results-In the Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study, we interviewed 3882 patients (1258 women) with acute myocardial infarction an average of 4 days after infarction onset. We used the case-crossover study design to compare the reported use of marijuana in the hour preceding symptoms of myocardial infarction onset to its expected frequency using self-matched control data. Of the 3882 patients, 124 (3.2%) reported smoking marijuana in the prior year, 37 within 24 hours and 9 within 1 hour of myocardial infarction symptoms. Compared with nonusers, marijuana users were more likely to be men (94% versus 67%, PϽ0.001), current cigarette smokers (68% versus 32%, PϽ0.001), and obese (43% versus 32%, Pϭ0.008). They were less likely to have a history of angina (12% versus 25%, PϽ0.001) or hypertension (30% versus 44%, Pϭ0.002). The risk of myocardial infarction onset was elevated 4.8 times over baseline (95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 9.5) in the 60 minutes after marijuana use. The elevated risk rapidly decreased thereafter. Conclusions-Smoking marijuana is a rare trigger of acute myocardial infarction. Understanding the mechanism through which marijuana causes infarction may provide insight into the triggering of myocardial infarction by this and other, more common stressors.

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Section: Mittleman Et Al Marijuana and Acute Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Triggering Myocardial Infarction by Marijuana

et al. 2001

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“…Clinically significant electrocardiographic changes are uncommon after experimental administration of mari juana or THC. 7,12,23,30,31 Typically, EKG changes are those consistent with increased heart rate, primarily nonspe cific transient Ρ or Τ wave changes.…”

Section: Electrocardiographic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular System Effects of Marijuana

Jones

2002

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

282

198

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Marijuana and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increase heart rate, slightly increase supine blood pressure, and on occasion produce marked orthostatic hypotension. Cardiovascular effects in animals are different, with bradycardia and hypotension the most typical response. Cardiac output increases, and peripheral vascular resistance and maximum exercise performance decrease. Tolerance to most of the initial cardiovascular effects appears rapidly. With repeated exposure, supine blood pressure decreases slightly, orthostatic hypotension disappears, blood volume increases, heart rate slows, and circulatory responses to exercise and Valsalva maneuver are diminished, consistent with centrally mediated, reduced sympathetic, and enhanced parasympathetic activity. Receptor-mediated and probably nonneuronal sites of action account for cannabinoid effects. The endocannabinoid system appears important in the modulation of many vascular functions. Marijuana's cardiovascular effects are not associated with serious health problems for most young, healthy users, although occasional myocardial infarction, stroke, and other adverse cardiovascular events are reported. Marijuana smoking by people with cardiovascular disease poses health risks because of the consequences of the resulting increased cardiac work, increased catecholamine levels, carboxyhemoglobin, and postural hypotension.

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“…Tachycardia is a consequence of almost every acute dose of cannabis, although some degree of tolerance develops to this effect. Evidence suggests that it is mainly due to an inhibition of vagal tone (53).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis ‐ 1988

Hollister

1988

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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In this updating review of research on cannabis particular attention has been paid to the increasing number of studies of the disposition of the components of cannabis in man, as well as possible effects on health. Specific binding sites for cannaboids have not been demonstrated. Approximately 80 metabolites of tetrahydrocannabiol (THC) have been discovered, of which 11-OH-THC is the main metabolite, but it contributes little to the overall effect when the drug is smoked or given intravenously. The minimum plasma level of T H C associated with the psychotropic effect is 25 ng/ml.Cannabis may produce directly an acute panic reaction, a toxic delirium, and acute paranoid state, or acute mania. Cannabis use may aggrevate schizophrenia, but it is much less certain whether it can lead to sociopathy or even to "amotivational syndrome". Despite widespread use of cannabis in virtually all parts of the world, no catastrophic effects on health have been noted. Cannabis appears to be relatively safe as compared with current social drugs. It is, however, still too early in the history of the present episode of cannabis use to be sanguine about possible bad effects.

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Cardiovascular Effects of Marihuana in Man

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Triggering Myocardial Infarction by Marijuana

Triggering Myocardial Infarction by Marijuana

Cardiovascular System Effects of Marijuana

Cannabis ‐ 1988

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