Cardiovascular Effects of Nasal and Transdermal Nicotine and Cigarette Smoking

Benowitz, Neal L.; Hansson, Anna; Jacob, Peyton

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000018825.76673.ea

Cited by 108 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, osmotic minipumps avoid the stress of daily injections of nicotine, as documented by increased sympathetic nervous system activity in dams (Suemaru et al, 1992;Houdi et al, 1995). Osmotic minipumps also mimic the tendency of smokers to maintain a constant blood level of nicotine throughout the day (Benowitz et al, 2002). In rats they keep steady-state plasma nicotine levels within the range (15-45 ng/ml) observed in the blood of pregnant women considered to be moderate smokers (Benowitz and Jacob, 1984) and in the amniotic fluid of smokeexposed human fetuses .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prenatal to Early Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Impairs Central Chemoreception and Modifies Breathing Pattern in Mouse Neonates: A Probable Link to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Eugenı́n¹,

Otárola²,

Bravo³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prenatal to Early Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Impairs Central Chemoreception and Modifies Breathing Pattern in Mouse Neonates: A Probable Link to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Eugenı́n¹,

Otárola²,

Bravo³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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“…These two products were chosen to compare a slow with a more rapid delivery of nicotine. Based on studies in non pregnant smokers, smoking would have the greatest effect, nicotine nasal spray would have an intermediate effect, and the patch would have the smallest effect on maternal heart rate and other measures of sympathetic activity [8,9]. To relieve withdrawal symptoms and to evaluate the effects of nicotine as delivered by two different nicotine preparations, we prescribed daily dosages of nicotine patch or nasal spray that was estimated to produce an overall nicotine exposure similar to smoking 10-15 cigarettes per day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nicotine patch or nasal spray on nicotine and cotinine concentrations in pregnant smokers

Oncken¹,

Campbell²,

Chan

et al. 2009

DJMF

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Objective-To examine the short-term effects of the nicotine patch or nasal spray on measures of nicotine exposure, withdrawal symptoms, and on maternal and fetal heart rates in pregnant smokers.Methods-We measured nicotine/cotinine concentrations and maternal and fetal heart rates during an 8-hour monitoring session while smoking and again after 4 days of nicotine patch (15 mg/16 hours), nasal spray (recommended regimen of 24 doses per day), or placebo treatment. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms were assessed daily.Results-Twenty-one subjects, who smoked an average of 17 cigarettes per day, completed both monitoring sessions. Nicotine concentrations decreased from baseline smoking concentrations in all groups (p = 0.002). Percent change in cotinine concentration differed across groups (reduction = 77% with placebo, 70% with nasal spray, and 48% with patch; p = 0.029). Maternal heart rate decreased in the placebo and nasal spray groups compared with the patch group (p = 0.021). The baseline fetal heart rate decreased in the placebo group throughout the second monitoring session, but increased slightly in the patch and nasal spray groups. The treatment by time interaction was marginally significant (p = 0.052). Daily cigarette craving decreased more in the patch versus the other groups (p = 0.025).Conclusions-Nicotine patch and nasal spray reduce maternal nicotine exposure compared with smoking and may be effective for smoking cessation.

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“…Nicotine increases heart rate through activation of the sympathetic nervous system with release of norepinephrine and epinephrine (1,2). On average, smoking a single cigarette following overnight abstinence from smoking results in an increase in heart rate of about 13 beats per minute (bpm; refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Heart Rate Response to Infused Nicotine in Twins

Swan

Lessov‐Schlaggar

Krasnow

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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The heart rate response to nicotine may be an important component of the process leading to dependence. The present study is the first to determine the extent to which genetic and environmental sources play a role in various components of the heart rate response. One hundred and ten monozygotic and 29 dizygotic twin pairs received an i.v. infusion of nicotine and cotinine over 30 min. Before, during, and for 30 min after infusion, heart rate was measured via an electronic monitor. The clearance of nicotine was determined as a measure of the rate of nicotine metabolism. Average resting heart rate before infusion was 64.7 beats per minutes (bpm), and at the termination of infusion, heart rate had increased to an average of 72.7 bpm. At 30 min after infusion, heart rate had decreased to 67.5 bpm. Age, current smoking status, body mass index, and nicotine clearance were associated significantly with heart rate levels over the full 60 min of measurement. After adjustment for several covariates, including dose of administered nicotine and rate of nicotine clearance, the variance in several characteristics of the heart rate response curve was examined for the relative contribution from genetic and environmental sources. In the total sample, as much as 30.3% of the variance in the acceleration of heart rate was due to additive genetic sources. In nonsmokers, 34.8% and 31.0% of variance in the acceleration and deceleration of heart rate, respectively, was due to genetic sources. Heart rate acceleration and deceleration may be a reflection of central nervous system responsiveness to nicotine. The contribution from genetic sources to heart rate response characteristics should be investigated further as a potential endophenotype for use in genetic studies of nicotine dependence. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1057 -64)

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Cardiovascular Effects of Nasal and Transdermal Nicotine and Cigarette Smoking

Cited by 108 publications

References 37 publications

Prenatal to Early Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Impairs Central Chemoreception and Modifies Breathing Pattern in Mouse Neonates: A Probable Link to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Prenatal to Early Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Impairs Central Chemoreception and Modifies Breathing Pattern in Mouse Neonates: A Probable Link to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Effects of nicotine patch or nasal spray on nicotine and cotinine concentrations in pregnant smokers

Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Heart Rate Response to Infused Nicotine in Twins

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