Cardiovascular effects of the post-COVID-19 condition

Goerlich, Erin; Chung, Tae H.; Hong, Gloria H.; Metkus, Thomas S.; Gilotra, Nisha A.; Post, Wendy S.; Hays, Allison G.

doi:10.1038/s44161-023-00414-8

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…This syndrome extends its impact across multiple organ systems, with cardiovascular complications often taking center stage as the most prominent features. The range of symptoms encompass, but are not limited to, chest pain, fatigue, heart failure, myocardial injury, arrhythmias, vascular injury, thrombosis, and dysautonomia ( 89 , 90 ).…”

Section: Insights Into Long Covid Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the complex interplay between various factors, inflammatory dysregulations and age-related immune impairments emerge as pivotal contributors, exerting a significant influence on the development of Long COVID conditions ( Figure 2 ). The present understanding of the pathophysiology that underlies numerous cardiovascular complications in Long COVID can be categorized into those related to immune dysregulation and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular injury, and dysfunction in neurological signaling ( 61 , 89 , 90 ). However, upon closer examination, it becomes evident that inflammaging and immunosenescence may play a central role in all these categories.…”

Section: Insights Into Long Covid Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it may contribute to inflammation within the cardiovascular system, exacerbating myocarditis and promoting vascular dysfunction ( 7 , 12 , 16 ). Other potential post-acute cardiovascular complications include arrhythmias, thrombosis, heart failure, and dysautonomia, each of which can significantly impact cardiovascular health and increase the risk of adverse outcomes ( 87 , 89 ).…”

Section: Insights Into Long Covid Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammaging, immunosenescence, and cardiovascular aging: insights into long COVID implications

Müller,

Di Benedetto

2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Aging leads to physiological changes, including inflammaging—a chronic low-grade inflammatory state with significant implications for various physiological systems, particularly for cardiovascular health. Concurrently, immunosenescence—the age-related decline in immune function, exacerbates vulnerabilities to cardiovascular pathologies in older individuals. Examining the dynamic connections between immunosenescence, inflammation, and cardiovascular aging, this mini-review aims to disentangle some of these interactions for a better understanding of their complex interplay. In the context of cardiovascular aging, the chronic inflammatory state associated with inflammaging compromises vascular integrity and function, contributing to atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and hypertension. The aging immune system's decline amplifies oxidative stress, fostering an environment conducive to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Noteworthy inflammatory markers, such as the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha emerge as key players in cardiovascular aging, triggering inflammatory signaling pathways and intensifying inflammaging and immunosenescence. In this review we aim to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inflammaging and immunosenescence, shedding light on their nuanced contributions to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we explore the reciprocal relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging, revealing a self-reinforcing cycle that intensifies cardiovascular risks. This understanding opens avenues for potential therapeutic targets to break this cycle and mitigate cardiovascular dysfunction in aging individuals. Furthermore, we address the implications of Long COVID, introducing an additional layer of complexity to the relationship between aging, immunosenescence, inflammaging, and cardiovascular health. Our review aims to stimulate continued exploration and advance our understanding within the realm of aging and cardiovascular health.

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Section: Insights Into Long Covid Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insights Into Long Covid Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insights Into Long Covid Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inflammaging, immunosenescence, and cardiovascular aging: insights into long COVID implications

Müller,

Di Benedetto

2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Interplay between Comorbidities and Long COVID: Challenges and Multidisciplinary Approaches

Ashmawy,

Hammouda,

El-Maradny

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Long COVID, a name often given to the persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, poses a multifaceted challenge for health. This review explores the intrinsic relationship between comorbidities and autoimmune responses in shaping the trajectory of long COVID. Autoantibodies have emerged as significant players in COVID-19 pathophysiology, with implications for disease severity and progression. Studies show immune dysregulation persisting months after infection, marked by activated innate immune cells and high cytokine levels. The presence of autoantibodies against various autoantigens suggests their potential as comorbid factors in long COVID. Additionally, the formation of immune complexes may lead to severe disease progression, highlighting the urgency for early detection and intervention. Furthermore, long COVID is highly linked to cardiovascular complications and neurological symptoms, posing challenges in diagnosis and management. Multidisciplinary approaches, including vaccination, tailored rehabilitation, and pharmacological interventions, are used for mitigating long COVID’s burden. However, numerous challenges persist, from evolving diagnostic criteria to addressing the psychosocial impact and predicting disease outcomes. Leveraging AI-based applications holds promise in enhancing patient management and improving our understanding of long COVID. As research continues to unfold, unravelling the complexities of long COVID remains paramount for effective intervention and patient care.

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Cardiovascular effects of the post-COVID-19 condition

Cited by 2 publications

References 118 publications

Inflammaging, immunosenescence, and cardiovascular aging: insights into long COVID implications

Inflammaging, immunosenescence, and cardiovascular aging: insights into long COVID implications

Interplay between Comorbidities and Long COVID: Challenges and Multidisciplinary Approaches

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