Cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to maximal cycle ergometer exercise test in children 6–8 years of age

Lintu, Niina; Tompuri, Tuomo; Viitasalo, Anna; Soininen, Sonja; Laitinen, Tomi; Savonen, Kai; Lindi, Virpi; Lakka, Timo A.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.845681

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…CRF was assessed by a maximal exercise test using the Ergoselect 200K ® electromagnetic bicycle ergometer with a pediatric saddle module (Ergoline, Bitz, Germany), as explained in more detail earlier (Lintu et al., ; Tompuri et al., ). The exercise test protocol included a 3‐min warm‐up period at 5 watts, a 1‐min steady‐state period at 20 watts, an exercise period with a workload increase of 1 watt every 6 s until exhaustion and a 4‐min cooling‐down period at 5 watts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and adiposity with arterial stiffness in children

Veijalainen

Tompuri

Haapala

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and body fat percentage (BF%) with arterial stiffness and dilation capacity were investigated in 160 prepubertal children (83 girls) 6-8 years of age. We assessed CRF (watts/lean mass) by maximal cycle ergometer exercise test, total PA, structured exercise, unstructured PA, commuting to and from school, recess PA and total and screen-based sedentary behavior by questionnaire, BF% using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and arterial stiffness and dilation capacity using pulse contour analysis. Data were adjusted for sex and age. Poorer CRF (standardized regression coefficient β = -0.297, P < 0.001), lower unstructured PA (β = -0.162, P = 0.042), and higher BF% (β = 0.176, P = 0.044) were related to higher arterial stiffness. When CRF, unstructured PA, and BF% were in the same model, only CRF was associated with arterial stiffness (β = -0.246, P = 0.006). Poorer CRF was also related to lower arterial dilation capacity (β = 0.316, P < 0.001). Children with low CRF (< median) and high BF% (≥ median; P = 0.002), low CRF and low unstructured PA (< median; P = 0.006) or children with low unstructured PA and high BF% (P = 0.005) had higher arterial stiffness than children in the opposite halves of these variables. Poor CRF was independently associated with increased arterial stiffness and impaired arterial dilation capacity among children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and adiposity with arterial stiffness in children

Veijalainen

Tompuri

Haapala

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Cardiovascular performance was assessed using a maximal exercise test with an electromagnetically-braked Ergoline cycle ergometer (Ergoselect 200 K; Ergoline, Bitz, Germany) and was defined as maximal workload in Watts per kg of lean body mass [38], [39]. Overall motor performance was calculated as the sum of Z-scores for the 50-meter shuttle run test time (inverse), errors in the flamingo balance test (inverse) and the number of cubes moved in the box and block test [40].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Academic Skills – A Follow-Up Study among Primary School Children

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThere are no prospective studies that would have compared the relationships of different types of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with academic skills among children. We therefore investigated the associations of different types of PA and SB with reading and arithmetic skills in a follow-up study among children.MethodsThe participants were 186 children (107 boys, 79 girls, 6–8 yr) who were followed-up in Grades 1–3. PA and SB were assessed using a questionnaire in Grade 1. Reading fluency, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills were assessed using standardized tests at the end of Grades 1–3.ResultsAmong all children more recess PA and more time spent in SB related to academic skills were associated with a better reading fluency across Grades 1–3. In boys, higher levels of total PA, physically active school transportation and more time spent in SB related to academic skills were associated with a better reading fluency across the Grades 1–3. Among girls, higher levels of total PA were related to worse arithmetic skills across Grades 1–3. Moreover, total PA was directly associated with reading fluency and arithmetic skills in Grades 1–3 among girls whose parents had a university degree, whereas these relationships were inverse in girls of less educated parents.ConclusionsTotal PA, physically active school transportation and SB related to academic skills may be beneficial for the development of reading skills in boys, whereas factors that are independent of PA or SB may be more important for academic skills in girls.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01803776

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“…Cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) is inversely and independently associated with chronic metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) diseases as well as with CV mortality . Cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) is determined by the measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak).The most common and reliable method to assess VO2peak is the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) . Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) has been shown to be a valuable measure to evaluate cardiorespiratory, pulmonary, and musculo‐skeletal function among both healthy and sick individuals, and to assess the functional status during exercise training or rehabilitation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary fitness is strongly associated with body cell mass and fat‐free mass

Köhler

King

Bahls

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is commonly indexed by total body weight (TBW) to determine cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF). This approach may lead to misinterpretation, particularly in obese subjects. We investigated the normalization of VO2peak by different body composition markers. We analyzed combined data of 3848 subjects (1914 women; 49.7%), aged 20-90, from two independent cohorts of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND). VO2peak was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Body cell mass (BCM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The suitability of the different markers as a normalization variable was evaluated by taking into account correlation coefficients (r) and intercept (α-coefficient) values from linear regression models. A combination of high r and low α values was considered as preferable for normalization purposes. BCM was the best normalization variable for VO2peak (r = .72; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 63.3 mL/min; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.48-123) followed by FFM (r = .63; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 19.6 mL/min; 95% CI: -57.9-97.0). On the other hand, a much weaker correlation and a markedly higher intercept were found for TBW (r = .42; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 579 mL/min; 95% CI: 483 to 675). Likewise, FM was also identified as a poor normalization variable (r = .10; P ≤ .001; α-coefficient = 2133; 95% CI: 2074-2191). Sex-stratified analyses confirmed the above order for the different normalization variables. Our results suggest that BCM, followed by FFM, might be the most appropriate marker for the normalization of VO2peak when comparing CPF between subjects with different body shape.

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Cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to maximal cycle ergometer exercise test in children 6–8 years of age

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and adiposity with arterial stiffness in children

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and adiposity with arterial stiffness in children

Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Academic Skills – A Follow-Up Study among Primary School Children

Cardiopulmonary fitness is strongly associated with body cell mass and fat‐free mass

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