Cardiovascular health: an important component of cancer survivorship

Abstract

Advances in the detection and treatment of cancer have translated into improved cancer survival rates and a growing population of cancer survivors. These include those living with cancer and individuals free of the disease following treatment. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that cancer survivors are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with cardiovascular (CV) mortality overtaking cancer mortality in some tumour types. Cancer and CVD share common aetiological risk factors, for example, age, tobacco use and obesity, as well as a shared inflammatory pathogenesis. The CV risks of mediastinal radiotherapy and chemotherapy, first observed in the 1970s with anthracyclines, have long been appreciated. More recently, targeted anticancer therapeutics (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 targeted therpies, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, second/third-generation BCR-ABL inhibitors, multiple myeloma therapies and combination RAF and MEK inhibitors in particular) as well as immunotherapies have added to the burden of treatment-related CV toxicity. Additionally, cancer therapy may indirectly impact on CV health by decreasing physical activity, increasing weight gain and accelerating the ageing process. Improving overall health outcomes by considering cardiological prevention and management in cancer survivorship is an area of increasing interest. CV risk factor assessment and management are recommended post-cancer treatment in accordance with primary prevention guidelines. The European Society of Cardiology 2022 guidelines also recommend enhanced surveillance after cancer treatments with a moderate to high risk of CV consequences. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the interconnections between cancer and CVD, review current survivorship recommendations, and highlight key areas of ongoing and future research.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Newly Synthesized Cinnamide-Fluorinated Containing Compounds as Bioactive Anticancer Agents

“…Cancer has remained a critical health issue around the world and is the second fatal cause after cardiovascular diseases. , Protein phosphorylation is among the most abundant and important cellular signaling post-translational modification in the biological system . This reversible enzymatic reaction plays a pivotal role in nearly all signal translational pathways and is carried out by a special class of proteins called protein kinases. , The functional annotation of this phosphorylation process in a growing number of human diseases and physiological conditions underscores the relevance of protein kinases in medicine. , Protein kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of target proteins by transferring the γ-phosphate group of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) onto the side-chain alcohol group of serine, threonine, and tyrosine amino acid residues .…”

“…Cancer has remained a critical health issue around the world and is the second fatal cause after cardiovascular diseases. 1,2 Protein phosphorylation is among the most abundant and important cellular signaling post-translational modification in the biological system. 3 This reversible enzymatic reaction plays a pivotal role in nearly all signal translational pathways and is carried out by a special class of proteins called protein kinases.…”