Cardiovascular Implications in Idiopathic and Syndromic Obesity in Childhood: An Update

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a modern worldwide epidemic with significant burden for health. It is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, stroke, and insulin resistance. Many obese adolescents remain obese into adulthood, with increased morbidity and mortality. As childhood obesity is a risk factor for adult obesity, the childhood obesity-related disorders account for an increased risk of cardiovascular consequences in adults, in addition to the effects already exerted by the fat mass in adulthood. Several papers have already described the cardiovascular implications of idiopathic obesity, while few data are available about syndromic obesity, due to the small sample size, not homogeneous phenotypes, and younger age at death. The aim of this mini-review is to give a comprehensive overview on knowledge about cardiovascular implications of idiopathic and syndromic obesity to allow the reader a quick comparison between them. The similarities and differences will be highlighted.

Cross-Sectional Association Between Body Fat Composition and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Children with Overweight/Obesity

“…Childhood obesity often translates to an increased prevalence of CV risk factors and, consequently, cardiac events in adulthood. 24 , 25 Four large studies among children who followed the participants into adulthood showed a positive correlation between high childhood BMI and various CV risk factors. Adults with obesity who were overweight/obese as children had an increased risk of T2D, HT, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis.…”

Complete Blood Count-Derived Inflammation Indexes Are Useful in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Severe Obesity

“…The combination of these factors collectively amplifies the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood [8][9][10].…”

Obesidade infantil e hábitos alimentares: as consequências na vida adulta

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) [3] has placed childhood obesity as a global epidemic, where there has been a greater increase in relation to malnutrition, more than 40 million children under 5 years old are overweight or obese, and over 60% of these children will become adults with overweight or obesity and will have lower life expectancy. Childhood obesity can be considered an indicator of the levels of health and quality of life of people, since bad habits in childhood, such as poor nutrition, can provide damage throughout the course of life [4]. In this sense, the nutritional state presents itself as an important variable for health, considering that eating habits, when a child, will influence their overall health in various stages of life, from childhood to the adult phase.…”