Cardiovascular Implications of Sphingomyelin Presence in Biological Membranes

Kikas, Petros; Chalikias, Georgios K.; Tziakas, Dimitrios

doi:10.15420/ecr.2017:20:3

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Disruption of SM homeostasis has been also linked to an adverse cardiovascular outcome [17]. Recent studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between serum SM levels and insulin resistance and inflammation [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sphingolipid Signature of Human Feto-Placental Vasculature in Preeclampsia

Gaudio

Sasset

Lorenzo

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Bioactive sphingolipids are emerging as key regulators of vascular function and homeostasis. While most of the clinical studies have been devoted to profile circulating sphingolipids in maternal plasma, little is known about the role of the sphingolipid at the feto-placental vasculature, which is in direct contact with the offspring circulation. Our study aims to compare the sphingolipid profile of normal with preeclamptic (PE) placental chorionic arteries and isolated endothelial cells, with the goal of unveiling potential underlying pathomechanisms in the vasculature. Dihydrosphingosine and sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations (C16:0-, C18:0-, and C24:0- sphingomyelin) were significantly increased in chorionic arteries of preeclamptic placentas, whereas total ceramide, although showing a downward trend, were not statistically different. Moreover, RNA and immunofluorescence analysis showed impaired sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis and signaling in PE vessels. Our data reveal that the exposure to a deranged maternal intrauterine environment during PE alters the sphingolipid signature and gene expression on the fetal side of the placental vasculature. This pathological remodeling consists in increased serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) activity and SM accrual in PE chorionic arteries, with concomitance impairment endothelial S1P signaling in the endothelium of these vessels. The increase of endothelial S1P phosphatase, lyase and S1PR2, and blunted S1PR1 expression support the onset of the pathological phenotype in chorionic arteries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sphingomyelin (SM), complex sphingolipid found in plasma and cellular membranes, plays a pivotal role in membrane stability and cell cholesterol homeostasis [16]. Several studies demonstrated an association between altered SM levels and cardiovascular diseases [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingolipid Signature of Human Feto-Placental Vasculature in Preeclampsia

Gaudio

Sasset

Lorenzo

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Multiple in vitro studies observed upregulation of aSMase and nSMase along with increased SM in animal models of HF ( 125 , 126 ). The nSMase and aSMase hydrolyze sphingomyelin to release ceramide, and thus the accumulation of ceramide in post-ischemic heart may arise from SM catabolism and not de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis ( 127 , 128 ). Another study in both mice and humans with HF noted increased levels of SPTLC2, which participates in de novo sphingolipid synthesis and likely contributes to the significant increase of total ceramides in the aforementioned studies ( 45 ).…”

Section: Sphingolipids In Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingolipids in the Heart: From Cradle to Grave

2020

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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and this has largely been driven by the increase in metabolic disease in recent decades. Metabolic disease alters metabolism, distribution, and profiles of sphingolipids in multiple organs and tissues; as such, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling have been vigorously studied as contributors to metabolic pathophysiology in various pathological outcomes of obesity, including cardiovascular disease. Much experimental evidence suggests that targeting sphingolipid metabolism may be advantageous in the context of cardiometabolic disease. The heart, however, is a structurally and functionally complex organ where bioactive sphingolipids have been shown not only to mediate pathological processes, but also to contribute to essential functions in cardiogenesis and cardiac function. Additionally, some sphingolipids are protective in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition to mechanistic contributions, untargeted lipidomics approaches used in recent years have identified some specific circulating sphingolipids as novel biomarkers in the context of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent literature on both deleterious and beneficial contributions of sphingolipids to cardiogenesis and myocardial function as well as recent identification of novel sphingolipid biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk prediction and diagnosis.

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“…Triacylglycerols and phospholipids featuring both polar and non-polar regions are common in mammalian cell membranes. Sphingomyelins, a type of sphingolipid, are important components of the membranes of nerve axons that promote nerve conduction [4]. Other fatty acids are stored as non-polar triacylglycerols and sterol esters in intracellular lipid droplets that function as long-term energy reservoirs and as a stockpile of fatty acids and sterols needed for membrane biosynthesis [5].…”

Section: Lipids In Farmed Animal Tissues Eggs Milk and Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced

Haedrich¹,

Stumpf²,

Denison

2020

Environ Sci Eur

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Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, dioxin-like chemicals and non-dioxin-like PCBs causing adverse effects to human health bio-accumulate through the food web due to their affinity for adipose tissues. Foods of animal origin are therefore the main contributors to human dietary exposure. The European Union’s (EU) food safety policy requires checking of a wide range of samples for compliance with legal limits on a regular basis. Several methods of varying efficiency are applied by official control laboratories for extraction of the different classes of lipids and associated POPs, bound to animal tissue and animal products in varying degrees, sometimes leading to discrepancies especially in fresh weight based analytical results. Results Starting from Smedes’ lipid extraction from marine tissue, we optimized the extraction efficiency for both lipids and lipophilic pollutants, abandoning the time-consuming centrifugation step. The resulting modified Smedes extraction (MSE) method was validated based on multiple analyses of a large number of real-world samples, matrix calibration and performance assessment in proficiency testing utilizing both instrumental and bioanalytical methodologies. Intermediate precision in 12 different foods was below 3% in chicken eggs, egg powder, animal fat, fish, fish oil, poultry, whole milk, milk fat and milk powder, and below 5% in bovine meat, liver, and infant food. In comparison to Twisselmann hot extraction, results presented here show an increased efficiency of MSE by + 25% for bovine liver, + 14% for chicken eggs, + 13% for poultry meat, + 12% for fish, 8% for bovine meat, and 6% for infant food. Conclusions For the first time, a fast and reliable routine method is available that enables the analyst to reproducibly extract "total" lipids from any EU-regulated food sample of animal origin within 6 to 8 min. Increased efficiency translates into a considerable increase in both lipid and wet weight-based analytical results measured for associated POPs, reducing the risk of false non-compliant results. Compared to a 4 h Twisselmann extraction, the extraction of 1000 samples using MSE would result in annual savings of about 250 h or 32 working days. Our MSE procedure contributes to the European Commission's objective of harmonizing analytical results across the EU generated according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644.

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Cardiovascular Implications of Sphingomyelin Presence in Biological Membranes

Cited by 34 publications

References 52 publications

Sphingolipid Signature of Human Feto-Placental Vasculature in Preeclampsia

Sphingolipid Signature of Human Feto-Placental Vasculature in Preeclampsia

Sphingolipids in the Heart: From Cradle to Grave

Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced

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