Cardiovascular Manifestations of Autonomic Disorders

Effect of atenolol on hemoglobin level in mild to moderate hypertension

“…Sympathetic activation stimulates heart, elevating cardiac output, causing naturally mediated vasoconstriction, and augmenting renin secretion and tubular reabsorption of sodium, increasing total body fl uid volume. 11 Sustained sympathetic activation contributes to long-term BP regulation because the renal sympathetic nerve potently stimulates the renin release by stimulation of β 1 adrenergic receptor and renal sodium reabsorption. Radiofrequency ablation of renal sympathetic nerves markedly lowers BP in refractory hypertensives.…”