Cardiovascular medications in angiogenesis—How to avoid the sting in the tail

Abstract

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death worldwide. Cardiovascular medications have recently been found to have favorable effects also for the treatment of noncardiovascular diseases, including cancer. In this review, we use a reverse bedside‐to‐bench approach to investigate the effects of common cardiovascular medications on tumor angiogenesis and vascular angiogenesis. Aspirin seems to reduce the risk of developing cancer, particularly colon cancer. However, whether the protective influence of aspirin is due to antiangiogenesis effect is still unclear. β‐Blockers, which are normally used to reduce heart rate and prolong diastole, trigger an increase in stretch‐associated release of proangiogenic growth factors thereby inducing angiogenesis. However, according to other studies β‐blockers are able to inhibit angiogenesis via multiplicate mechanisms. Similarly, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker have controversial effects for the regulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Statins can augment collateral vascular growth in ischemic tissues and restrict the development of cancer. So this topical anti‐inflammatory drug seems to be of high value for further therapy. Finally, suggestions on how this pilot experience may guide the conduct of future preclinical investigations, and clinical trials are discussed.

Cardiovascular drugs attenuated myocardial resistance against ischaemia-induced and reperfusion-induced injury in a rat model of repetitive occlusion

“…However, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with its active peptide Angiotensin II is a major determinant in cardiac remodelling and thus, RAS blockade by candesartan attenuates remodelling. Candesartan was found to inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells 39 40. Overall, mode and extent of interaction between ARBs and arteriogenesis, particularly regarding myocardial infarction and cancer, is still controversial.…”

Hubungan Beberapa Faktor Klinis dan Pengobatan Penyakit Arteri Koroner dengan Pembentukan dan Gradasi Kolateral Arteri Koroner

“…4 Beberapa obat yang berperan dalam proses inflamasi juga dapat memodulasi respons angiogenesis. 5 Aspirin (asam asetil salisilat) merupakan salah satu obat yang utama dalam penanganan PAK. Pada penderita PAK, aspirin digunakan untuk menghambat proses agregasi trombosit yang merupakan mekanisme patogenesis terjadinya sindroma koroner akut.…”

Mechanistic, Technical, and Clinical Perspectives in Therapeutic Stimulation of Coronary Collateral Development by Angiogenic Growth Factors

“…Less than 50% of patients with critical CA narrowing develop angiographically visible collaterals, 79 and the percentage is even lower (20-30%) when recruitable collateral flow (maximal collateral flow during total occlusion of a large artery) is measured. 80 Although the exact cause(s) of poor adaptive collateral development in these patients is not known, several factors and conditions were reported to be associated with impaired coronary collateral growth, including advanced age, 28,81,82 genetic, [83][84][85][86][87][88] and epigenetic factors (e.g., microRNAs (miRNAs)), [89][90][91][92][93][94] cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, [95][96][97][98] and commonly used medicines 99 (Table 3).…”