Cardiovascular, metabolic and neurologic effects of carbon monoxide and cyanide in the rat

Dodds, Robert G.; Penney, David G.; Sutariya, Bharat B.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90151-9

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Even though relatively limited in number and scope, behavioural studies of cyanide exposure have shown value in a variety of rodent models. These experiments have revealed an array of behavioural deficits after acute and chronic cyanide exposure, such as akinesia and hypolocomotion in mice, deficiencies in solving a spatial memory task (Morris Water Maze) in rats, deficits in locomotion, grooming activity and posture in rats, and deficiencies in a swimming escape task as well as in an active‐avoidance task in guinea pigs . Despite the assortment of tasks, species and exposure paradigms used, it is apparent that the timing of post‐cyanide evaluation is an essential element of behavioural testing, with most changes recognized 4 hour or less after exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and physiological assessments of dimethyl trisulfide treatment for acute oral sodium cyanide poisoning

Rice

Rauscher

Wilkins

et al. 2019

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Sodium cyanide (NaCN) is a commonly and widely used industrial and laboratory chemical that is highly toxic. Its availability and rapid harmful/lethal effects combine to make cyanide a potential foodborne/waterborne intentional‐poisoning hazard. Effective antidotes to cyanide poisoning are currently approved only for intravenous administration. Therefore, an effective cyanide antidote that can be administered intramuscularly in pre‐hospital and/or mass‐casualty settings is needed. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a naturally occurring substance used as a flavour enhancer in foods. DMTS has shown antidotal efficacy in cyanide poisoning and is thought to act as both a sulphur donor and partial methaemoglobin inducer. In this study, an intramuscular injection of DMTS (6.25‐200 mg/kg) was given to rats 1 minute after an oral dose of NaCN (98.2 mg/kg; twice the median lethal dose) to test the antidotal efficacy and safety of DMTS treatment. Toxic signs and survival were examined along with behavioural function (up to 30 hour after ingestion) using a previously established operant behavioural model. A large range of DMTS doses (6.25‐100 mg/kg) increased survival after oral cyanide poisoning, and the lower DMTS doses (6.25‐25 mg/kg) also proved to be behaviourally and physiologically safe. Larger DMTS doses (50‐200 mg/kg) produced side effects (ie, inflammation and limping) that were more severe and protracted than those observed at lower DMTS doses. The 25 mg/kg DMTS proved to be the most efficacious (increasing survival from 20% to 75%) and also produced minimal side effects (eg, inflammation) that resolved within 24‐72 hour. Thus, DMTS shows promise as an intramuscularly administered cyanide antidote useful for prompt pre‐hospital or mass‐casualty emergency medical treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and physiological assessments of dimethyl trisulfide treatment for acute oral sodium cyanide poisoning

Rice

Rauscher

Wilkins

et al. 2019

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…The results showed a significant decrease in spontaneous locomotion as well as an increase in measures of akinesia and catalepsy [25]. Administrations of 4.0 mg/kg NaCN intravenously (IV) to rats 4 hours prior to a neurobehavioral assessment screen revealed deficits in grooming, posture, activity level, and various motoric functions in the cyanide-exposed rats [26]. In guinea pigs, a sublethal dose (4.0 mg/kg) of NaCN administered subcutaneously (SC) impaired motor performance as assessed by a swimming escape task [27, 28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral toxicity of sodium cyanide following oral ingestion in rats: Dose-dependent onset, severity, survival, and recovery

Rice

Rauscher

Langston

et al. 2018

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Sodium cyanide (NaCN) is a commonly and widely used industrial and laboratory chemical reagent that is highly toxic. Its availability and rapid harmful/lethal effects combine to make cyanide a potential foodborne/waterborne intentional-poisoning hazard. Thus, laboratory studies are needed to understand the dose-dependent progression of toxicity/lethality following ingestion of cyanide-poisoned foods/liquids. We developed an oral-dosing method in which a standard pipette was used to dispense a sodium cyanide solution into the cheek, and the rat then swallowed the solution. Following poisoning (4-128 mg/kg), overt toxic signs were recorded and survival was evaluated periodically up to 30 hours thereafter. Toxic signs for NaCN doses higher than 16 mg/kg progressed quickly from head burial and mastication, to lethargy, convulsions, gasping/respiratory distress, and death. In a follow-on study, trained operant-behavioral performance was assessed immediately following cyanide exposure (4-64 mg/kg) continuously for 5 h and again the following day. Onset of behavioral intoxication (i.e., behavioral suppression) occurred more rapidly and lasted longer as the NaCN dose increased. This oral-consumption method with concomitant operantbehavioral assessment allowed for accurate dosing and quantification of intoxication onset, severity, and recovery, and will also be valuable in characterizing similar outcomes following varying medical countermeasure drugs and doses.

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“…Cardiovascular symptoms with CN intoxication are primarily of peripheral origin. At the beginning and the end of an acute intoxication bradycardia is evident as a result of a loss of contractile force following ATP depletion (Dodds et al. 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic changes associated with anaesthesia and cherry poisoning in a pony

Mosing

Kuemmerle

Dadak

et al. 2009

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Cardiovascular, metabolic and neurologic effects of carbon monoxide and cyanide in the rat

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Behavioural and physiological assessments of dimethyl trisulfide treatment for acute oral sodium cyanide poisoning

Behavioural and physiological assessments of dimethyl trisulfide treatment for acute oral sodium cyanide poisoning

Behavioral toxicity of sodium cyanide following oral ingestion in rats: Dose-dependent onset, severity, survival, and recovery

Metabolic changes associated with anaesthesia and cherry poisoning in a pony

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