Cardiovascular morbidity and dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: CKD is a risk factor for CVD and dyslipidemia is an important co-morbidity associated with both. CKD can lead to variations in lipid profile which can lead to atherosclerosis and thereby increase the risk for CVD. Objective was to analyse the clinical and diagnostic cardiovascular features of CKD patients and the associated variations in their lipid profile. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from May 2015 to May 2017 among 100 patients attending to Medicine department with documented biochemical and sonographic evidence of chronic kidney disease. The included participants were subjected to routine blood investigations including lipid profile and cardiovascular evaluation which included electrocardiography (ECG), chest X-ray and M-mode 2-Dimensional echocardiography. Data was recorded in a proforma and the results were analysed statistically. Results: The study included 100 patients with chronic kidney disease, majority (n=42, 42%) of them belonging to the 40-50 years age group. There was similar (p=0.78) representation of males and females in the study. Significantly (p=0.02) higher number (n=58) of alcoholics were present among the CKD patients. Significantly (p=0.04) higher proportion of patients with CKD had high TG (36%) and low HDL (30%) levels. Majority (58%) had CVD morbidity and Left ventricular hypertrophy was a characteristic feature in majority (n=15%) of the CKD patients as evaluated by ECG and ECHO. Conclusions: The study documented the association of CVD and dyslipidemia with CKD. It also revealed ECG and ECHO changes in CKD patients which can be useful predictors in determining the progression of the CVD complications in CKD.