Cardiovascular profile drugs and the state of periodontal tissues

Abstract

People with CVD, mostly over 50 years of age, regularly take medications such as beta-blockers (BBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), statins and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Periodontal tissue disease (PTD) occurs in the age group 35–44 years in 60% of cases, in the group of people 65–74 years – about 70%, that is, in that period of life when cardiovascular disease (CVD) begins to develop and progress. Some cardioprotective drugs, such as antihypertensives, cause xerostomia. Medication-induced xerostomia is one of the common causes of oral health problems in older adults who are on long-term drug therapy. Xerostomia is a common debilitating condition that causes problems such as dysphagia, loss of taste, and oral pain, as well as increasing the risk of tooth decay and oral infections. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is an abnormal hypertrophy of the gingiva that can be caused by a number of medications, including calcium channel blockers. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is characterized by the accumulation of connective tissue that primarily affects the anterior regions of the upper and lower jaw, and also causes problems with oral hygiene, which leads to susceptibility to infections and periodontal disease and can lead to tooth loss. Anticoagulants used in CVD due to the risk of bleeding require special approaches in the prevention and therapy of periodontal tissue disease. The possibilities of using statins in PTD due to their pleiotropic properties, independent of hypolipidemic action. The review article is devoted to the influence of drugs of cardiovascular profile on the state of periodontal tissues and mechanisms of development of side effects, as well as the possibilities of using statins taking into account their pleiotropic effects.