Cardiovascular protection effect of chlorogenic acid: focus on the molecular mechanism

Abstract

Vascular endothelial cells have a variety of functions such as the control of blood coagulation, vascular permeability, and tone regulation, as well as quiesce of immune cells. Endothelial dysfunction is a cardiovascular events predictor, which is considered the initial stage in atherosclerosis development. It is characterized by alterations in endothelium functions due to imbalanced vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, procoagulant and anticoagulant mediators, as well as growth inhibitor and promotor substances. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the primary polyphenol in coffee and some fruits. It has many health-promoting properties, especially in the cardiovascular system. Many studies investigated the efficacy and mechanism of this compound in vascular health. CGA has several vascular benefits such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-hypertensive. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of CGA in vascular health.

Chlorogenic Acid‐Conjugated Nanoparticles Suppression of Platelet Activation and Disruption to Tumor Vascular Barriers for Enhancing Drug Penetration in Tumor

“…The diffraction rings in the SAED pattern can be identified as the (120), (131_), and (011_2_) planes of hexagonal CN (Figure 2D). [ 23 ] As presented in Figure 2E, the XRD pattern of CN and g‐C 3 N 4 shows peaks at 13.1° and 27.6°, which is related to the (100) reflection and (002) reflection, ascribed to the lattice planes parallel to the c ‐axis and the peak of the stacking peak of aromatic systems, respectively. [ 42,43 ] Notably, the XRD spectrum of CN also displays several other weak peaks (red arrows) which probably can be assigned to other phases of C 3 N 4 , respectively.…”

“…As a water-soluble phenolic compound, CA shows strong biological activities and various pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. [23,50] In particular, it can specifically bind with platelet membrane receptor GPIIb/IIIa, thus inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation. [25,51] CA is reported can inhibit collagen-, ADPor thrombin-induced platelet activation in a concentrationdependent manner.…”

“…[25,51] CA is reported can inhibit collagen-, ADPor thrombin-induced platelet activation in a concentrationdependent manner. [23,25,52] In the present work, platelet functions, including adhesion, aggregation, and fibrin clot retraction, were assessed to reveal platelet activation in vitro.…”

“…Chlorogenic acid (CA) is an important phenolic acid, which has been recognized as a promising platelet inhibitor and effective protector in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. [20][21][22][23][24][25] The evidence suggests that administration of CA helps to prevent a hypercoagulable state, by inhibiting platelet aggregation and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) activities. In particular, it is reported that CA down-regulates the cancer secretion of procoagulant factors such as MMP-2, MMP-9, thrombin, and TF, which are the original causes of the cancer-associated hypercoagulable state.…”

UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis to Reveal Quality Markers of Xinjiang Cydonia oblonga Mill. for Antiatherosclerosis

“…Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound composed of CA and quinic acid. CGA increased the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ ), Liver X Receptor α (LXR α ), ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1), and ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 1 (ABCG1) as well as the transcriptional activity of PPAR γ , resulting in an effective reduction of ApoE −/− development of atherosclerosis in mice and promote cholesterol efflux from RAW264.7 macrophages [ 32 , 33 ]. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is the main atherogenic compound that oxidizes LDL.…”