Cardiovascular Reactions to Emotional Stimuli. Effect on the Cardiac Output, Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference, Arterial Pressure, and Peripheral Resistance 1

Hickam, John B.; Cargill, Walter H.; Golden, Abner

doi:10.1172/jci101946

Cited by 159 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Each organ is fed by arterial blood and drained by venous blood (with the liver also fed by the portal vein from the intestine). Measurement of arterio-venous (AV) concentration differences is a well-established approach for quantification of organ-specific metabolite production and consumption (Cantarow and Ricchiuti, 1934; Hickam et al, 1948; Ivanisevic et al, 2015). To investigate metabolite exchange between organs, we performed metabolomics in the arterial blood, the organ-specific draining veins, and the urine of pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Exchange between Mammalian Organs Quantified in Pigs

et al. 2019

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SUMMARY Mammalian organs continually exchange metabolites via circulation, but systems-level analysis of this shuttling process is lacking. Here we compared, in fasted pigs, metabolite concentrations in arterial blood versus draining venous blood from 11 organs. Greater than 90% of metabolites showed arterial-venous differences across at least one organ. Surprisingly, the liver and kidneys released not only glucose but also amino acids, both of which were consumed primarily by the intestine and pancreas. The liver and kidneys exhibited additional unexpected activities: liver preferentially burned unsaturated over more atherogenic saturated fatty acids, while the kidneys were unique in burning circulating citrate and net oxidizing lactate to pyruvate, thereby contributing to circulating redox homeostasis. Furthermore, we observed more than 700 other cases of tissue-specific metabolite production or consumption, such as release of nucleotides by the spleen and TCA intermediates by pancreas. These data constitute a high-value resource, providing quantitative atlas of inter-organ metabolite exchange.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Exchange between Mammalian Organs Quantified in Pigs

et al. 2019

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“…Studies on the perception of effort questioned the utility of self-reported effort as an indicator of energy investment by demonstrating that the association between self-reported effort and energy investment can be low (Marcora, 2009, for a review). Research on Obrist’s cardiac-somatic uncoupling hypothesis provided evidence that cardiovascular measures and energy investment may be dissociated under certain conditions (e.g., Brod, 1963; Hickam, Cargill, & Golden, 1948; Obrist, 1981; Sherwood et al, 1986). Obrist (1981) suggested that mental tasks that allow the individual to attain positive consequences or to avoid negative consequences are characterized by cardiac-somatic uncoupling—a dissociation of the activity of the cardiovascular system from metabolic (energy-related) demands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence against the primacy of energy conservation: Exerted force in possible and impossible handgrip tasks.

Stanek

Richter

2016

Motivation Science

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Motivational intensity theory predicts that energy investment in goal pursuit is governed by the motivation to conserve resources and that it should consequently be a function of task demand: Trying to avoid wasting resources, individuals should invest only the energy that is required for task success and should disengage if success is impossible. Three experiments tested this hypothesis assessing the force exerted in an isometric handgrip task as indicator of energy investment. The results provided mixed evidence for motivational intensity theory.Supporting the theory, exerted force increased as a function of task demand if task success was possible and was low if success was impossible. However, exerted force exceeded required force in all possible conditions and participants did not disengage if task success was impossible. A meta-analysis of published studies involving disengagement conditions revealed that preceding research on motivational intensity theory also failed to provide support for the disengagement hypothesis. Our findings demonstrate the importance of task demand for energy investment but also challenge the assumption that energy investment is primarily driven by energy conservation concerns.

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“…In patients with known hypertension, angina pectoris, or other structural heart disease such changes have been shown to have pathological effects (Hickham, Cargill, and Golden, 1948). All of which leads one to suspect that it may well be the emotional effects of bereavement, with the concomitant changes in psycho-endocrine functions, which are responsible for the increased mortality rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%