Cardiovascular responses to sugary drinks in humans: galactose presents milder cardiac effects than glucose or fructose

Charrière, Nathalie; Loonam, C. R.; Montani, Jean‐Pierre; Dulloo, Abdul G.; Grasser, Erik Konrad

doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1250-9

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Reduced adult adiposity observed in GLU + GAL–fed females might be due to differential effects on insulin signaling. The insulin response provoked by galactose (considering the direct effect) was small when compared with that of glucose [summarized in (35)]. Moreover, galactose has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity in rats (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing Part of Glucose with Galactose in the Postweaning Diet Protects Female But Not Male Mice from High-Fat Diet–Induced Adiposity in Later Life

Bouwman

Fernández-Calleja

Stelt

et al. 2019

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background Duration of breastfeeding is positively associated with decreased adiposity and increased metabolic health in later life, which might be related to galactose. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate if partial replacement of glucose with galactose in the postweaning diet had a metabolic programming effect. Methods Male and female mice (C57BL/6JRccHsd) received an isocaloric diet (16 energy% fat; 64 energy% carbohydrates; 20 energy% protein) with either glucose (32 energy%) (GLU) or glucose + galactose (GLU + GAL, 16 energy% each) for 3 wk postweaning. Afterwards, all mice were switched to the same 40 energy% high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 wk to evaluate potential programming effects in an obesogenic environment. Data were analyzed within sex. Results Female body weight (−14%) and fat mass (−47%) were significantly lower at the end of the HFD period (both P < 0.001) among those fed GLU + GAL than among those fed GLU; effects in males were in line with these findings but nonsignificant. Food intake was affected in GLU + GAL–fed females (+8% on postweaning diet, −9% on HFD) compared with GLU-fed females, but not for hypothalamic transcript levels at endpoint. Also, in GLU + GAL–fed females, serum insulin concentrations (−48%, P < 0.05) and the associated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) at endpoint, but there were no changes in pancreas morphology. In GLU + GAL–fed females, expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) (−27%, P < 0.01 ; −44%, P < 0.001) and the adipocyte size markers leptin (Lep) (−40%, P < 0.05; −63% , P < 0.05) and mesoderm-specific transcript homolog protein (Mest) (−80%, P < 0.05; −72%, P < 0.05) was lower in gonadal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT), respectively. Expression of insulin receptor substrate1 (Irs1) (−24%, P < 0.05) was only lower in subcutaneous WAT in GLU + GAL–fed females. Conclusions Partial replacement of glucose with galactose, resulting in a 1:1 ratio mimicking lactose, in a 3-wk postweaning diet lowered body weight, adiposity, HOMA-IR, and expression of WAT insulin signaling in HFD-challenged female mice in later life. This suggests that prolonged galactose intake may improve metabolic and overall health in later life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing Part of Glucose with Galactose in the Postweaning Diet Protects Female But Not Male Mice from High-Fat Diet–Induced Adiposity in Later Life

Bouwman

Fernández-Calleja

Stelt

et al. 2019

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Lactose is a disaccharide comprising of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, at which galactose has received much attention as a low-glycemic index sugar, with only small increases in plasma glucose and insulin in response to its ingestion (46,75,76). Recently, the cardiovascular effects of galactose have also been explored (77). In this context, acute cardiovascular responses to the ingestion of 60 g galactose were investigated and compared with the same quantity of fructose or glucose with the use of a randomized crossover study design (77).…”

Section: Galactosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the cardiovascular effects of galactose have also been explored (77). In this context, acute cardiovascular responses to the ingestion of 60 g galactose were investigated and compared with the same quantity of fructose or glucose with the use of a randomized crossover study design (77). This study observed that glucose and galactose had minor effects on blood pressure, which contrasted to the blood-pressure-elevating effect of fructose.…”

Section: Galactosementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: Cardiovascular Responses to Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Humans: A Narrative Review with Potential Hemodynamic Mechanisms

Monnard

Grasser

2018

Advances in Nutrition

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Cardiovascular diseases are still the primary cause of mortality worldwide, with high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes as major promoters. Over the past 3 decades, almost in parallel with the rise in cardiovascular disease incidence, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has increased. In this context, SSBs are potential contributors to weight gain and increase the risk for elevations in blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to SSBs, in particular on blood pressure, are poorly understood. We discuss and propose potential mechanisms underlying differential effects of sugars on postprandial blood pressure regulation; provide evidence for additional molecular contributors, i.e., fibroblast growth factor 21, towards sugar-induced cardiovascular responses; and discuss potential cardiovascular neutral sugars. Furthermore, we explore whether pre-existing glucose intolerance in humans exacerbates the cardiovascular responses to SSBs, thus potentially aggravating the cardiovascular risk in already-susceptible individuals.

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“…In healthy older participants [11,12,46] and patients with T2DM [11,64], the fall in BP following glucose ingestion has been shown to be related to the rate of gastric emptying of glucose, i.e., faster gastric emptying is associated with a greater fall in BP. In contrast, in healthy young participants, there is little fall, and in some cases an increase in, SBP following oral glucose [53,89]. The fall in postprandial BP appears to be on a continuum so that with increasing age, the fall in BP is greater.…”

Section: Nutritive Sweetenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with glucose, fructose is absorbed more slowly from the intestine [100,101]. There has been a total of five studies relating to the effects of oral fructose on postprandial BP in a range of cohorts including in healthy participants [39,40,41,50,89] and hypertensive patients [41] (Table 2).…”

Section: Nutritive Sweetenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Postprandial Blood Pressure

2019

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Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is under-recognised, but common, particularly in the elderly, and is of clear clinical importance due to both the independent association between PPH and an increase in mortality and lack of effective management for this condition. Following health concerns surrounding excessive consumption of sugar, there has been a trend in the use of low- or non-nutritive sweeteners as an alternative. Due to the lack of literature in this area, we conducted a systematic search to identify studies relevant to the effects of different types of sweeteners on postprandial blood pressure (BP). The BP response to ingestion of sweeteners is generally unaffected in healthy young subjects, however in elderly subjects, glucose induces the greatest decrease in postprandial BP, while the response to sucrose is less pronounced. The limited studies investigating other nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners have demonstrated minimal or no effect on postprandial BP. Dietary modification by replacing high nutritive sweeteners (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) with low nutritive (d-xylose, xylitol, erythritol, maltose, maltodextrin, and tagatose) and non-nutritive sweeteners may be a simple and effective management strategy for PPH.

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Cardiovascular responses to sugary drinks in humans: galactose presents milder cardiac effects than glucose or fructose

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Replacing Part of Glucose with Galactose in the Postweaning Diet Protects Female But Not Male Mice from High-Fat Diet–Induced Adiposity in Later Life

Replacing Part of Glucose with Galactose in the Postweaning Diet Protects Female But Not Male Mice from High-Fat Diet–Induced Adiposity in Later Life

Perspective: Cardiovascular Responses to Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Humans: A Narrative Review with Potential Hemodynamic Mechanisms

Acute Effects of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Postprandial Blood Pressure

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