Cardiovascular risk assessment in prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus study: International collaboration research overview

Abstract

The study aims to develop a screening protocol for the risk of future cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in people with prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes; and to establish a framework for early identification and intervention of prediabetes including strategies for holistic management and monitoring of progression. The first phase is to identify prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in volunteers who are ≥18-years-old for 5 years. Point-of-care testing and questionnaire will be used to screen for prediabetes and cardiovascular disease. We anticipate screening more than 2000 individuals of both genders by the end of first phase. The second and third phases which shall run for 5-10 years will be longitudinal study involving participants identified in the first phase as having prediabetes without dyslipidaemia, or clinically established cardiovascular disease. The second phase shall focus on preventive management of risk of progress to diabetes with explicit diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress measurements will be performed cum evaluation of the use of antioxidants, exercise, and nutrition. The third phase will include probing the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Binomial logistic regression would be performed to generate and propose a model chart for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in prediabetes.

Prevalence of cardio-metabolic syndrome in Nigeria: a systematic review

“…63 More so, there is call to assess the potential of possible screening of individuals less than 40 years old. 64 Type of studies and subpopulations studied: each of the 32 studies assessed revealed significant prevalence of CMS in Nigeria. However, no longitudinal study was found on the CMS studies done in Nigeria.…”

Prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study (PACCS): international collaboration 4 years’ summary and future direction

“…Cardiovascular risk assessment in prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus study has been identified as necessary, especially for low-mid income communities [1]. To substantiate the discussion of prediabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), a systematic review had been performed that provided insight, for instance, the need to study rural communities where lifestyles are different from the urban areas [2].…”

“…1) [4–6]. As published [1], the aims of the ‘prediabetes and cardiovascular complications studies (PACCS) collaboration initiative are:

Fig. 1Estimated global burden and deaths due to CVD.

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Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Pre-Diabetes

“…As indicated in the proposal of my international research collaboration [58], about 80% of CVD deaths worldwide take place in developing, low-, and middle-income countries, and these countries also account for 86% of the global CVD burden [59À61]. Some of the low-to middleincome countries are currently undergoing rapid epidemiological transition in metabolic disorders [62], and demographic changes such as aging, and the undesirable risk factors such as obesity and sedentary life, have been implicated as causes [63À66].…”

“…The hypothesis is that high schools and churches should be approached for public health lectures to target individuals who are 18 years old or older [58]. With the collaboration of primary healthcare departments at the local government level, population screening for pre-diabetes and UDM can be done with point-of-care (POCT) blood glucose devices.…”