Cardiovascular risk factors among 3712 Greek seafarers

Abstract

Background: Global concern on seafarers' health and its potential cost is widely evident across the shipping industry. Seafarers are at increased cardiovascular risk since it is common to have risk factors associated with that risk such as hyperlipidaemia, obesity and smoking. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), i.e. hyperlipidaemia, smoking and obesity, in Greek seafarers. Materials and methods: During pre-embarkation medical examination, seafarers undergo an interview with a physician, physical examination and laboratory tests. The parameters studied included hyperlipidaemia, identified as low density lipoprotein > 150 mg/dL, tobacco use or severe obesity, as defined by body mass index > 35 kg/m 2 . Results: A total of 3712 seafarers have been examined. Seafarers had overall rates of 3% hyperlipidaemia, 4% tobacco use and 0.2% severe obesity, with similar distributions in all age groups. Our study shows that Greek seafarers have lower risk for CVD, as low rates of obesity, tobacco use, and hyperlipidaemia are observed. The related literature is discussed. Unhealthy eating patterns are the rule and contribute to CVD. Shipping management could improve diet on board; however, smoking falls rather under individual control. Conclusions: We conclude that, despite the low rates of hyperlipidaemia, smoking and obesity among Greek seafarers compared to other nations, campaigns for promoting awareness of the phenomenon and on the potential health impact of these conditions should be promoted.

Assessment of nutrient adequacy in undergraduate students during the undertaking shipboard internship: using 12-day dietary recall through smartphone photography

“…A high intake of sodium is associated with an increased risk of various chronic diseases, such as hypertension, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. A recent study reported that seafarers are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to common unhealthy eating patterns, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and obesity [ 28 ]. Considering our results, students undertaking shipboard internships need to focus on healthy eating management to prevent chronic diseases and become healthy seafarers.…”

Health risk classification patterns among Filipino seafarers. Analysis from a pre-employment clinic in the Philippines: a 5-year review

“…The higher prevalence of risk class C among older seafarers indicates the need for increased medical surveillance and interventions targeting age-related health conditions. As seafarers advance in age, they may experience a higher burden of chronic diseases that can affect their fitness for work [1,15,16]. Implementing more frequent health screenings and preventive measures specific to age-related conditions can help mitigate the impact of these health is- sues and ensure the continued well-being of older seafarers [17].…”