Cardiovascular risk factors among women with self-reported infertility

Abstract

BackgroundAmongst women with certain types of ovulatory disorder infertility, the studies are conflicting whether there is an increased risk of long-term cardiovascular disease risk. This paper evaluates the associations of several CVD risk factors among Framingham women with self-reported infertility.MethodsWomen who completed the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation and Omni Cohort 2 Exam 2 (2008–2011), and reported on past history of infertility and current cardiovascular disease status were included in this cross-sectional study. Directly measured CVD risk factors were: resting blood pressure, fasting lipid levels, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Multivariable models adjusted for age, smoking, physical activity, and cohort. Generalized estimating equations adjusted for family correlations. We performed sensitivity analyses to determine whether the association between infertility and CVD risk factors is modified by menopausal status and menstrual cycle length.ResultsComparing women who self-reported infertility to those who did not, there was an average increase in BMI (β = 1.03 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.89), waist circumference (β = 3.08 in., 95% CI: 1.06, 5.09), triglycerides (β = 4.47 mg/dl, 95% CI:−1.54, 10.49), and a decrease in HDL cholesterol (β = −1.60 mg/dl, 95% CI: −3.76, 0.56). We estimated that infertile premenopausal women have an increased odds of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.11, 4.49) and diabetes (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.86, 4.49).ConclusionsBMI and waist circumference were the most strongly correlated CVD risk factors amongst women reporting a history of infertility.

Identifying and managing younger women at high risk of cardiovascular disease

“…A 2017 cross-sectional analysis involving women who completed the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation and Omni Cohort 2 Exam 2 (2008-2011) and reported infertility showed that selfreported infertility was associated with CVD risk factors such as elevated body mass index and waist circumference. 27 However, an analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study did not find a history of infertility to be associated with coronary heart disease. 28 A 2016 observational study involving women receiving infertility therapy found that failure of therapy was associated with 19% higher annual rates of cardiovascular events.…”

Single nucleotide polymorphisms inRenalaseandKCNQ1genes and female infertility: A cross‐sectional study in Pakistan

“…Though initially thought to be expressed only by the kidneys and then secreted into the blood, further research proved its expression in the reproductive systems, especially female, with it being found in oocytes, granulosa, and interstitial and luteal cells of the ovary, suggesting its possibly critical role in reproduction and hormonal regulation (Zhou et al, ). Mechanisms by which Renalase could influence female fertility could be through the cardiovascular and endocrine effect of catecholamines (Bitar, ; Crist & Hulka, ), as several studies have shown how cardiovascular risk and disease are associated with female infertility (Dickey, Taylor, Rye, Lu, & Sartor, ; Mahalingaiah et al, ; Verit, Yildiz Zeyrek, Zebitay, & Akyol, ). Moreover, catecholamines also have demonstrable effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis (Schenker, Meirow, & Schenker, ) and could thus affect fertility in females.…”

“…The SNP rs2576178 is associated with HTN (Buraczynska, Zukowski, Buraczynska, Mozul, & Ksiazek, ), stroke (Zhang et al, ) and coronary heart disease (Li et al, ), while rs10887800 is associated with stroke (Buraczynska et al, ). Given the expression of Renalase in female reproductive tissues, as well as the less‐explored association of cardiovascular risk and disease with female infertility (Dickey et al, ; Mahalingaiah et al, ; Verit et al, ), we decided to explore the association of SNPs rs2576178 and rs19887800 with female infertility.…”

Predictors of the development of cardiac arrhythmias in women after induction of superovulation in vitro fertilization

“…Исследования показывают, что неспособность к зачатию связана с сердечно-сосудистым риском, поскольку у многих нефертильных женщин имеются кардиометаболические нарушения, которые потенциально повышают риск развития сердечнососудистой патологии [3,12]. В дополнение к этому некоторые виды бесплодия ассоциируются с повышенным риском развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний [7,8,10,11].…”