Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Differently Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Men and Women

Verhave, Jacobien C.; Hillege, Hans L.; Burgerhof, Johannes G. M.; Navis, Gerjan; Zeeuw, Dick de; Jong, Paul E. de

doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000060573.77611.73

Cited by 107 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The growing prevalence of diabetes in our study population and especially in the Southern population is likely due to the increased prevalence of obesity (23,26) . In addition, consistent with previous studies (8,17,27) , men showed a higher prevalence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia than women, while women showed a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia than men (28) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evidence on the prevalence and geographic distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors in Italy

Laccetti¹,

Pota

Stranges

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the prevalence and geographic distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors in a large community-wide sample of the Italian population. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Standardized methods were used to collect and measure cardiovascular risk factors. Data were adjusted for survey weightings. Qualitative and quantitative variables were compared with parametric and non-parametric tests, as appropriate. Setting: Towns (n 193) across different Italian regions. Subjects: Unselected adults (n 24 213; 12 626 men; 11 587 women) aged 18-98 years (mean age 56?9 (SD 15?3) years), who volunteered to participate in a community-wide screening programme over a 2 d period in 2007. Results: Overall, the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors was: obesity, 22?7 % (women 18?9 %, men 26?1 %); overweight, 44?7 % (women 31?6 %, men 56?7 %); hypertension, 59?6 % (women 48?3 %, men 70?0 %); dyslipidaemia, 59?1 % (women 57?7 %, men 60?3 %); diabetes, 15?3 % (women 11?2 %, men 19?0 %) and smoking, 19?8 % (women 14?0 %, men 25?2 %). We found a high prevalence of unhealthy eating habits; fruit and vegetable consumption was below the recommended range in 60 % of the study population. Ninety per cent of the study population had more than one cardiovascular risk factor and 84 % had between two and five cardiovascular risk factors. There were differences among Italian macro-areas mainly for obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Conclusions: The study provides alarming evidence on current prevalence data for major cardiovascular risk factors in a large sample of the Italian population. Particularly, obesity and hypertension represent a relevant public health problem. There is a pressing need for effective preventive health measures which must also take into account the differences among Italian macro-areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evidence on the prevalence and geographic distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors in Italy

Laccetti¹,

Pota

Stranges

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…We did not find sex to be a significant predictor of AER in either cohort, in contrast with studies in adults showing AER and MA to be higher in males (33,34). Our findings are consistent with other studies in both healthy and T1DM children (35)(36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Albumin Excretion Rate in Normal Adolescents

Rademacher¹,

Mauer

Jacobs³

et al. 2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Background and objectives: Although albumin excretion rates have been related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in both diabetic and nondiabetic adults, little is known about the relation between albuminuria and either cardiovascular risk factors or the insulin resistance syndrome in adolescents. A normal range for albumin excretion in adolescents was established, correlations between albumin excretion and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, and albumin excretion in normal adolescents was compared with that in type 1 diabetes mellitus adolescents.Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Albumin excretion rate was measured in 368 normal and 175 diabetic adolescents. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the relation of age, sex, Tanner stage, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure to albumin excretion in both cohorts. In addition, correlations between albumin excretion and age, blood pressure, body mass index, lipids, and measurements of insulin resistance were performed in the normal adolescents.Results: Mean albumin excretion was significantly lower in normal adolescents (4.0 g/min) than in type 1 diabetic adolescents (5.0 g/min). Albumin excretion increased with age in diabetics. Albumin excretion did not significantly correlate with any measure of cardiovascular risk or insulin resistance but did significantly correlate with fasting insulin.Conclusions: Albumin excretion rate is not related to insulin resistance or traditional cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence but is related to fasting insulin. Diabetic adolescents have increased albumin excretion compared with normal adolescents.

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“…28 Consistent with the findings in the present study, De Cosmo et al 29 showed that, in patients with type 2 diabetes, increased urinary albumin excretion is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, which is significantly higher in men than in women. In a study on healthy individuals, Verhave et al 30 showed that cardiovascular risk factors and urinary albumin excretion rate are significantly correlated only in men. This is the first study demonstrating the effect of gender on the albuminuria-ischemic heart disease relationship in patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Difference in Albuminuria and Ischemic Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Nakhjavani

Morteza²,

Jenab³

et al. 2011

Clinical Medicine & Research

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Objective: The value of urinary albumin excretion in the prediction of myocardial ischemia in men and women with type 2 diabetes is not well understood. We questioned whether gender influences the albuminuria-ischemic heart disease relationship in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:We designed a matched case-control study of 926 patients with albuminuria (cases) and 926 age and body mass index matched patients without albuminuria (controls). Ischemic heart disease was defined as the presence of (1) history of angina pectoris or angina equivalent symptoms and critical care unit admission, (2) myocardial infarction and/or electrocardiographic evidence of Q-wave myocardial infarction, (3) coronary revascularization and/or stenting, (4) positive myocardial singlephoton emission computed tomography scan, (5) ischemic ST-segment or T-wave changes, and (6) positive stress testing. Results:Patients with albuminuria had a lower glomerular filtration rate and a longer diabetes duration than patients without albuminuria. In the group of cases, there were a greater number of men with ischemic heart disease (120 of 370; 32.4%) compared to women (97 of 559; 17.4%) (P<0.001). The odds ratio of having ischemic heart disease according to the presence or absence of albuminuria was 1.25 [95% CI: 1.01-1.56] (P<0.05) in all studied populations, 0.79 [95% CI: 0.51-1.21] (P=0.14) in women, and 2.84 [95% CI: 1.68-4.79] (P<0.001) in men. We showed that diabetes duration, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and hemoglobin A 1c influence albuminuria in women, while diabetes duration, fasting blood sugar, and diastolic blood pressure influence albuminuria in men. Conclusions:Men with albuminuria are at increased risk of ischemic heart disease compared to women. This may be related to the role of high-density lipoprotein on the albuminuria-gender relationship.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Differently Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Men and Women

Cited by 107 publications

References 21 publications

Evidence on the prevalence and geographic distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors in Italy

Evidence on the prevalence and geographic distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors in Italy

Albumin Excretion Rate in Normal Adolescents

Gender Difference in Albuminuria and Ischemic Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

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