Cardiovascular risk factors encountered during medical examination in athletic children

Abstract

Cardiovascular risk factors can predispose to cardiovascular disease in adults or lead to cardiovascular events while practicing sports. The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the distribution of individual cardiovascular risk factors; 2) to establish a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors in parents or grandparents and the children's clinical condition. This was a retrospective study to assess overweight, obesity and hypertension in 1021 child athletes. The family history of obesity, type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke was studied. Out of the studied children, 22.1% (n= 226) were obese and 2.1% (n= 21) had hypertension. Obesity was the most common family risk factor (30%).

Multigenerational transmission of obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Table 1 provides the main characteristics and findings of the studies included in this study. 2,3,5,6,[22][23][24][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]…”

“…24,33,34,43 For outcome assessment, two studies did not provide a clear description of the relevant outcome measures. 23,45 On data analysis, three studies provided an inadequate description of their use of appropriate statistical methods, 6,44,46 whereas nine did not adjust for relevant confounding variables affecting the association between GP and GC overweight/ obesity status. 5,24,[33][34][35][36][44][45][46] between GP-GC overweight/obesity, out of which 11 studies reported statistically significant evidence on multigeneration transmission of overweight/obesity.…”

“…Seven studies that reported ORs were used to examine the pooled estimates of association in GP-GC overweight/obesity. 3,23,33,38,40,43,44 The studies together had a total population of 23,033 study participants from seven different countries that reported association for GP-GC overweight/obesity pairs. The forest plot of pooled estimates is presented in Figure 2.…”