Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Obesity, Preventive Diagnostics and Possible Interventions

Močnik, Mirjam; Varda, Nataša Marčun

doi:10.3390/metabo11080551

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Obesity, a crucial risk factor for chronic diseases, is progressively becoming a global health issue [1,2], with its prevalence increasing dramatically worldwide [3]. Obesity is associated not only with cardiovascular diseases in children [4] but also with vascular dysfunction and hormonal changes, leading to hypertension, dyslipidaemia and potential cardiovascular events in transitional-aged youth [5]. The transitional age period during youth is an important stage from adolescence to adulthood, ranging from the ages of 16 to 24 years [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor for dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2022

Lipids Health Dis

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Background Although dyslipidaemia may have a crucial impact on cardiovascular health in adults, there is a lack of specific data in transitional-age youth. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the association of dyslipidaemia with fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), and establish FMR thresholds for diagnosing dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth. Methods One thousand six hundred sixty individuals aged 16 to 24 years from the baseline of a subcohort in the Northwest China Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project were analysed. Anthropometric characteristics were gauged by a bioelectrical impedance analyser, and dyslipidaemia components were measured using a Beckman AU480 chemistry analyser. Additionally, this study used logistic regression to estimate the risk of dyslipidaemia based on FMR quintiles, and calculate the gender-specific ideal cut-off values of dyslipidaemia and its components by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Of the 1660 participants, aged 19.06 ± 1.14 years, 558 males and 1102 females. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 13.4% and was significantly associated with FMR quintiles among all participants (P < 0.05). The ideal values of FMR in diagnosing dyslipidaemia were 0.2224 for males and 0.4809 for females, while males had a higher AUC than females (0.7118 vs. 0.6656). Meanwhile, high FMR values were significantly associated with adverse outcomes of dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridaemia (P < 0.05). Conclusions The FMR was positively correlated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The FMR can be used as an effective body composition index for diagnosing dyslipidaemia, especially in males, and preventive strategies should be initiated in transitional-age youth to decrease obesity-related dyslipidaemia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor for dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2022

Lipids Health Dis

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“…Additionally, an investigation that took place in the Bogalusa Heart Study outlined that total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were 2.4 to 7.1 times more likely to be elevated in overweight children. (23) . Also, another study revealed that abnormal changes compatible with an atherogenic lipid profile were present in obese subjects (24) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nutritional Rehabilitation on Osteocalcin and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Obesity

Nassar¹,

Abd-Alhamid²,

Elghoroury³

et al. 2022

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Children's obesity and overweight are new health issues and are associated with insulin resistance. Osteocalcin level is inversely correlated with obesity and has a metabolic role in insulin resistance. Aim of work:The study aimed to detect the effect of nutritional intervention on serum osteocalcin and HOMA-IR in obese children. Patients and Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 40 obese children and 20 control recruited from Clinical Nutrition Unit, Ain Shams University. The participants were subjected to nutritional analysis, body composition, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters including a full lipid profile, osteocalcin, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR calculation at baseline and 3-month intervals after being subjected to a nutritional weight loss and exercise program. Results: In contrast to the controls, the patients' serum levels of triglycerides, LDL, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were all significantly higher, while HDL and osteocalcin were lower. BMI, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio significantly decreased after the nutritional intervention. Also, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were dramatically decreased, Osteocalcin increased, and fasting glucose level did not significantly alter. The anthropometric measures, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR had notable negative relationships with osteocalcin, but these were nonsignificant. Conclusion: Insulin resistance is demonstrated in pediatric obesity and correlates with osteocalcin levels. Early nutritional intervention and exercise programs causing weight loss results in elevation of osteocalcin level coupled with improvement in IR suggesting osteocalcin's role as a prognostic marker.

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“…[2][3][4][5] Specifically, the metabolic profile is hugely affected by obesity, including hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, or hypercholesterolemia. [6][7][8] The severity of obesity increases with continuous weight gain and tends to have higher all-cause mortality and mortality due to a wide range of other serious health complications. The negative impact of obesity also increases in the presence of other diseases, for example, diabetes.…”

Section: Obesity and Its Complicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Impact of Semaglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, on Obesity Management: A Review

Alorfi¹,

Algarni²

2022

CPAA

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Purpose Obesity and overweight pose a threat to health and are more common than undernutrition among adults. It is categorized by fat accumulation and a body mass index (BMI) of > 30. A significant increase in worldwide obesity has been ongoing over several decades. Over the past few years, several strategies have been followed for weight management and to counteract the increasing prevalence of the disease; however, room for improvement with pharmacological options still exists. This review aimed to digest selected past clinical and experimental studies and understand the role of semaglutide treatment for obesity. Methods Articles related to the clinical uses of semaglutide, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and side effects of the drug were identified. Only studies with human subjects who used Semaglutide for obesity management were included and assessed. Results Semaglutide promotes weight loss via appetite and hunger suppression, decreases energy intake, controls eating, and depresses the relative fondness for fatty, energy-dense foods. Moreover, the relationship between obesity and Semaglutide has been widely investigated, and most studies reveal the efficacy of Semaglutide on weight loss. Overall, the pharmacokinetics of semaglutide shows a drop in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and total body weight. The usual adverse effects observed in patients treated with Semaglutide include gastrointestinal adverse events, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal cramps. Conclusion The findings from the review suggest that semaglutide appears to be beneficial, most notably in its contribution to weight reduction.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Obesity, Preventive Diagnostics and Possible Interventions

Cited by 18 publications

References 135 publications

Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor for dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth

Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor for dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth

Effect of Nutritional Rehabilitation on Osteocalcin and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Obesity

Clinical Impact of Semaglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, on Obesity Management: A Review

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