Cardiovascular risk factors in Tanzania: a revisit

Njelekela, Marina; Negishi, Hiroko; Nara, Yasuo; Miki, Tsuneharu; Kuga, Sachiko; Noguchi, Takanori; Kanda, Tomo; Yamori, Masashi; Mashalla, Yohana; Liu, Long Jian; Mtabaji, Jacob; Ikeda, Katsumi; Yamori, Yukio

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(01)00134-6

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Another study in Tanzania, confirmed the substantial increase in cardiovascular risk as compared with that obtained 10 years before 32 .…”

Section: Lipids (Mg/dl)supporting

confidence: 52%

Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk in two Amazonian populations

Feio¹,

Fonseca²,

Rego³

et al. 2003

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in our country and occurs at earlier ages than that observed in the United States of America 1,2 .The initial results of the Framingham Study have associated serum cholesterol level, smoking, and arterial hypertension with ischemic heart disease 3 . More recently, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP III, USA) 4 published the recommendations for estimating absolute coronary risk, considering the total cholesterol level, age, HDL-C level, values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and smoking habit, with different scores for men and women.In the past decade, several studies suggested that a more active lifestyle and higher consumption of fish could be beneficial, because they resulted in a lower incidence of cardiovascular events, a better lipid profile, and a reduction in blood pressure and in thrombotic risk [5][6][7][8] .Among the Eskimos in Greenland and the Japanese of Kohama Island, lower levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides and an extremely low incidence of coronary heart disease were observed as compared with those in the populations living on the continent 9-11 .In Brazil, epidemiological data of the Ministry of Health for the City of Belém, in the State of Pará 12 , showed that mortality due to cardiovascular disease was the major cause of death in that city despite the proximity to rivers and forests, and the high consumption of fish and typical fruits in that region.This study aimed at comparing the cardiovascular risk of the urban population of Belém in the State of Pará with that of an Amazonian riverside population (village of Vigia) living mainly on fish and with very scarce contact with large urban centers. MethodsThe study sample comprised 100 individuals of both sexes with no personal antecedents of heart disease or diabetes, whose ages ranged from 35 to 65 years, 50 in each municipality. They signed a written consent required by the Objective -To compare the lipid profiles and coronary heart disease risks of 2 Brazilian Amazonian populations as follows: a riverside population (village of Vigia) and an urban population (city of Belém in the state of Pará).Methods -Fifty individuals controlled for age and sex were assessed in each region, and the major risk factors for coronary heart disease were analyzed. Results -According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP III) and using the

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“…Another study in Tanzania, confirmed the substantial increase in cardiovascular risk as compared with that obtained 10 years before 32 .…”

Section: Lipids (Mg/dl)supporting

confidence: 52%

Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk in two Amazonian populations

Feio¹,

Fonseca²,

Rego³

et al. 2003

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…The correlations were comparable across male and female subjects, with the exception of female subjects in Ethiopia, where the correlation was much lower. Significant correlation of BMI to SBP and DBP, in men and women, was reported by studies in Tanzania 37 and Nigeria. 38 The mean BMI in the Ethiopian women (19.17) was the least among the three populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Association between body mass index and blood pressure across three populations in Africa and Asia

et al. 2006

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Despite a growing burden of obesity and hypertension in developing countries, there is limited information on the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to blood pressure (BP) in these populations. This study examines the association between BMI and BP in three populations across Africa and Asia. Data on BMI, BP and other background characteristics of study participants were generated using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS), at three demographic surveillance sites in Ethiopia, Vietnam and Indonesia. BMI and BP increased along the socioeconomic gradient across the three countries. Vietnam and 7.64 (3.88, 15.0) in Indonesia. BMI was significantly and positively correlated with both SBP and DBP in all the three populations, correlation coefficient (r) ranging between 0.23 and 0.27, Po0.01. High BP exists in a background of undernutrition in populations at early stages of the epidemiologic transition.

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“…The elevated consumption of trans fats, refined sugars, refined flours and preservatives, and low intake of dietary fibre and vital micronutrients, as a result of these new foods, has resulted in adverse health effects in the urban East African population 108,[130][131][132] . Recent evidence from the urban centre of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania revealed a positive relationship between the consumption of a Westernised (globalised) diet and the prevalence of NCDs, including risk factors which comprise the metabolic syndrome 108,[133][134][135][136][137] . The urban East African population is constantly confronted with the widespread availability of packaged food products 32,118,119,138 .…”

Section: Consequences Of Urbanisationmentioning

confidence: 99%