Cardiovascular risk in patients with severe mental illness in Italy

Salvi, Virginio; Aguglia, Andrea; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Bianchi, Davide Gianluca; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Dragogna, Filippo; Palmieri, Luigi; Serafini, Gianluca; Amore, Mario; Mencacci, Claudio

doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.94

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…BD represents a leading cause of burden worldwide and contributes significantly to premature death [ 2 ]. Subjects with BD are at high risk of presenting with co-occurrent psychiatric illnesses, including alcohol and substance use disorders [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], as well as serious medical comorbidities [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, suicide risk is up to 30 times higher in individuals with BD than the general population, with one in four to five subjects attempting suicide lifetime [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Complete Blood Count and Inflammatory Ratios among Patients with Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2021

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Background: Evidence suggested that inflammation may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD), a chronic psychiatric condition affecting around 2-3% of the general population. However, little is known regarding potential gender differences in peripheral biomarkers of BD, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratios. Methods: In total, 197 females and 174 males with BD in different phases (i.e., (hypo)mania, depression, euthymia) were recruited. A blood sample was drawn to perform a complete blood count (CBC). NLR, PLR, and MLR were subsequently calculated, and differences were computed according to the illness phase and gender. Results: PLR was consistently higher in (hypo)manic than depressed patients, in both males and females. No significant gender differences in PLR value were found when considering only (hypo)mania. Conversely, NLR was increased in (hypo)mania only among males, and gender differences were retrieved in the (hypo)manic subgroup. The findings related to MLR were only marginally significant. Higher platelets values were associated with (hypo)mania only in the female group. Basophils and eosinophils appeared gender- but not state-dependent. Conclusions: Our findings provide further evidence that increased PLR levels may be associated with (hypo)mania in bipolar patients, regardless of gender. Moreover, the usefulness of NLR as a peripheral biomarker of BD appeared limited to males while the role of platelets to females. As CBC represents a low-cost and easily accessible test, researchers should investigate in-depth its potential usefulness as a biomarker of BD and other psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Complete Blood Count and Inflammatory Ratios among Patients with Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2021

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“…MetS is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The prevalence of MetS increases the risk of developing both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes [11,12]. A meta-analysis by Vancampfort et al reported that the overall MetS prevalence in patients with BD was 37.3% [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid and Glycemic Profiles in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Cholesterol Levels Are Reduced in Mania

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental condition with a lifetime prevalence estimated around 2% among the general population. Due to risk factors, etiological mechanisms, and the chronic use of psychotropic medications, people with BD are frequently affected by medical comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), associated with altered blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Moreover, the lipid concentration may be associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and forty-two in- and outpatients (418 affected by BD and 124 affected by schizophrenia) were recruited in two Italian university hospitals. A blood examination assessing the fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides was performed. Results: No significant differences were found in the lipid and glycemic profiles between patients with BD and schizophrenia. When considering only the BD sample, we found that patients experiencing a manic episode had significantly lower total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL than euthymic patients. Moreover, the total and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in (hypo)manic than depressed patients. Mood episodes did not influence the triglyceride and glucose levels in our sample. Conclusions: Clinicians should pay attention to blood cholesterol levels in patients with BD, as differences in concentrations may predispose them to severe medical conditions and can be associated with the onset of mood episodes.

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“…Scientific evidence obtained in American and Italian studies addressing the physical harm caused by smoking among people with mental disorders shows that smoking is one of the factors associated with the reduction in the life expectancy of this population and the high prevalence of somatic comorbidities (20)(21) . During the COVID-19 pandemic, European authors revived this discussion, expressing that smoking is an important risk factor for COVID-19 complications in this population (22) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital indicators and inpatient behavior in a psychiatric hospital that implemented the smoking ban

Oliveira

Santos

Furegato

2022

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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Objective: to compare hospitalization and discharge indicators, medication costs and patient behavior before and after the implementation of the smoking ban in a psychiatric hospital. Method: ecological, longitudinal and retrospective study carried out in a psychiatric hospital. Secondary data referring to 2142 hospitalizations were collected from medical records. The median test was used to compare the variables before and after the ban. Results: after the implementation of the ban, there was a reduction in bed occupancy rate in male units for mental disorders (from 88.8% to 48.4%) and substance dependence (from 94.4% to 42.8%). There was a reduction in the mean length of hospital stay in the male chemical dependency unit (from 13.5 to 12.6) compared to the female unit (from 14.7 to 19.5). There was a reduction in costs of psychotropic drugs and expectorants, episodes of verbal/physical aggressions and physical/chemical restraints. Conclusion: the smoking ban changed hospital indicators, reduced costs and improved patient behavior, contradicting the myth that it results in hostility. It is hoped that this study will help nurses to review their beliefs related to smoking cessation, as there were positive results for interpersonal relationships and for the management of mental health services.

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Cardiovascular risk in patients with severe mental illness in Italy

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Gender Differences in Complete Blood Count and Inflammatory Ratios among Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Gender Differences in Complete Blood Count and Inflammatory Ratios among Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Lipid and Glycemic Profiles in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Cholesterol Levels Are Reduced in Mania

Hospital indicators and inpatient behavior in a psychiatric hospital that implemented the smoking ban

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