Cardiovascular Risk in Xavante Indigenous Population

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is little known in Brazilian indigenous populations. In the last two decades, important changes have occurred in the lifestyle and epidemiological profile of the Xavante people.Objectiveto assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Xavante adults in São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande reserves, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.MethodsCross-sectional study carried out with 925 Xavante people aged ≥ 20 years between 2008 and 2012. The following indicators were assessed: triglycerides (TG), total, LDL and HDL-cholesterol, Castelli index I and II, TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, apo B / Apo A1 ratio, Framingham risk score, C-reactive protein, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW), glycemia and blood pressure. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student's t test and Chi-square test (χ2) were used for statistical analysis, and significance level was set at 5%.ResultsHigh prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk was observed in men and women according to HDL-cholesterol (66.2% and 86.2%, respectively), TG (53.2% and 51.5%), TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio (60.0% and 49.1%), C-reactive protein (44.1% and 48.1%), BMI (81.3% and 81.7%), WC (59.1% and 96.2%), HW (38.0% and 50,6%) and glycemia (46.8% and 70.2%). Individuals aged 40 to 59 years had the highest cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsThe Xavante have a high cardiovascular risk according to several indicators evaluated. The present analysis of cardiovascular risk factors provides support for the development of preventive measures and early treatment, in attempt to minimize the impact of cardiovascular diseases on this population.

Impact of COVID-19 on the indigenous population of Brazil: A geo-epidemiological study

“…Among the five SIHDs that were part of these clusters, the SIHD Xavante stands out, which is the most populous in the Midwest region and is located in the state of Mato Grosso. [32,33].…”

“…It is not only the availability of the basic health care structure that positions the Xavante as one of the most vulnerable peoples to COVID-19 in the Midwest region. Aspects of their socio-cultural organization and, especially, of their epidemiological profile, marked by high rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, tend to increase the risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19 [32,33].…”

Fatores De Risco Cardiovascular Em Indígenas Brasileiros

“…Observa-se que os resultados obtidos não representam todas as etnias brasileiras, mas são importantes para evidenciar a necessidade de ações interventivas que sirvam para proteger esses povos da aculturação que, de maneira inevitável, vem sendo introduzida no cotidiano dessa população ao longo dos anos. Souza Filho, Ferreira, Santos, Pierin 6 Mazzucchetti, Galvão, Tsutsui, Santos, Rodrigues, Mendonça, et al 13 Rocha, Bós, Huttner, Machado 14 Alves, Goulart, Ladeira, Oliveira, Benseñor 16 Soares, Fabbro, Silva, Sartorelli, Franco, Kuhn, et al 15 6 Inatividade Física/ Sedentarismo Santos, Tsutsui, Galvão, Mazzucchetti, Rodrigues, Gimeno 11 Rocha, Bós, Huttner, Machado 14 Rodrigues, Santos, Santos 17 3 Hábito de fumar Romero, Zavaleta, Cabrera, Gilman, Miranda 12 Rodrigues, Santos, Santos 17 2 Hábito de consumir bebida alcoólica Rodrigues, Santos, Santos 7 1…”

“…Rocha, Bós, Huttner, Machado 14 Soares, Fabbro, Silva, Sartorelli, Franco, Kuhn, et al 15 de Massa Corporal (IMC) elevado como os principais fatores de risco associados à colecistectomia, bem como à cirurgia bariátrica prévia e etnia indígena.…”

Glicemia de jejum, diabetes incidente, aterosclerose subclínica e eventos cardiovasculares não-fatais numa amostra de adultos aparentemente saudáveis reavaliados após 12 anos

“…Diabetes incidente foi associado a maiores valores de EIMC (em milímetros) (β=0,034; IC95%: 0,015 a 0,053), a CACS≥400 (Razão de chances=2,84; IC95%: 1,17-6,91) e ao desfecho combinado de CACS≥400 ou eventos cardiovasculares incidentes (Razão de chances=3,50; IC95%: 1,60-7,65). Conclusões: Fatores associados a maior incidência de diabetes 28 incluem obesidade, idade, dislipidemias, antecedente familiar, antecedente pessoal de diabetes Introdução 10 gestacional ou pertencer a determinadas etnias 7,29 . Independente das diferenças metodológicas entre os estudos, a literatura mostra consistentemente que as categorias de tolerância intermediária à glicose são um fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de diabetes.…”