Cardiovascular safety of calcium, magnesium and strontium: what does the evidence say?

Curtis, Elizabeth M; Cooper, Cyrus; Harvey, Nicholas C.

doi:10.1007/s40520-021-01799-x

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…First, we concentrated on only the effect of SR on osteoclasts instead of osteoblasts, which also play an essential part in bone remodeling. Second, SR has some severe side effects, such as thromboembolism, but most of them can be avoided if physicians strictly follow the indications of SR [ 51 ]. It was reported that physicians strictly control the indications of SR, such as severe osteoporosis with a high absolute fracture risk, significantly reducing the occurrence of these side effects [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Strontium ranelate (SR) is a pharmaceutical agent used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fracture. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of SR on alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement and its underlying mechanism. Here, we investigated the influence of SR on orthodontic tooth movement and tooth resorption in Sprague–Dawley rats and the relationship between the nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, autophagy, and osteoclastogenesis after the administration of SR in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it was found that SR reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins at the pressure side of the first molars during orthodontic tooth movement. Similarly, the expression of these autophagy-related proteins and the size and number of autophagosomes were downregulated by SR in vitro. The results also showed that SR reduced the number of osteoclasts and suppressed orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which could be partially restored using rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Autophagy was attenuated after pre-osteoclasts were treated with Bay 11-7082, an NF-κB pathway inhibitor, while SR reduced the expression of the proteins central to the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, this study revealed that SR might suppress osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-pathway-dependent autophagy, resulting in the inhibition of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which might offer a new insight into the treatment of malocclusion and bone metabolic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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“…We show Sr is another metal associated with a decreased risk for ESCC. Physiologically, Sr is an important component of bones and teeth, and maintains nerve and muscle membrane excitability [ 32 , 33 ] Higher Sr levels have been shown in cancer patient specimens, such as urinary and serum strontium in breast cancer, as has elevated Sr in the sera of bladder cancer objects [ 34 , 35 ]. However, a case–control study demonstrated the protective effect of Sr in poorly differentiated, malignant breast tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Serum Level of Multiple Trace Elements and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case–Control Study in China

Zhang

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

Cancers

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We investigated the associations between multiple serum trace element levels and risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 185 ESCC patients and 191 healthy individuals were recruited in our study. The concentration of 13 trace elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd and Pb) in serum was determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression and the Probit extension of Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models was established to explore the associations and the cumulative and mixed effects of multiple trace elements on ESCC. Three elements (Zn, Se and Sr) displayed a negative trend with risk for ESCC, and a significant overall effect of the mixture of Al, V, Mn, Ni, Zn, Se and Sr on ESCC was found, with the effects of V, Ni and Sr being nonlinear. Bivariate exposure–response interactions among these trace elements indicated a synergistic effect between Zn and Se, and an impactful difference of V combined with Ni, Sr or Zn. Our results indicate that Ni, V, Al, Mn, Zn, Se and Sr are associated with ESCC risk, providing additional evidence of the complex effects of trace elements disorder during the etiology of EC development.

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“…157 Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that the level of bone formation markers increased and bone destruction markers decreased in people taking SR for at least 1 year. 158 However, oral SrR may increase the risk of thromboembolic disease, 159 and SrR was withdrawn in 2020. At present, only strontium succinate is used to treat osteoporosis in Europe, and strontium chloride is indicated to relieve bone pain in patients with painful skeletal metastases.…”

Section: Strontium Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies

Wang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Osteoporosis is a type of bone loss disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. With the intensification of global aging, this disease is now regarded as one of the major public health problems that often leads to unbearable pain, risk of bone fractures, and even death, causing an enormous burden at both the human and socioeconomic layers. Classic anti‐osteoporosis pharmacological options include anti‐resorptive and anabolic agents, whose ability to improve bone mineral density and resist bone fracture is being gradually confirmed. However, long‐term or high‐frequency use of these drugs may bring some side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are devoted to finding new pathogenesis or potential therapeutic targets of osteoporosis, and it is of great importance to comprehensively recognize osteoporosis and develop viable and efficient therapeutic approaches. In this study, we systematically reviewed literatures and clinical evidences to both mechanistically and clinically demonstrate the state‐of‐art advances in osteoporosis. This work will endow readers with the mechanistical advances and clinical knowledge of osteoporosis and furthermore present the most updated anti‐osteoporosis therapies.

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Cardiovascular safety of calcium, magnesium and strontium: what does the evidence say?

Cited by 28 publications

References 120 publications

Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy

Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy

Association between Serum Level of Multiple Trace Elements and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case–Control Study in China

Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies

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