Cardiovascular System

Greaves, Peter

doi:10.1016/b978-044450514-9/50006-1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 203 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, fibrosis can be considered a common end-stage finding, and once lesions have healed by fibrosis, they have the same appearance regardless of whether they are spontaneous or treatment-induced. These findings are in agreement with previous reports (Greaves 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Regarding myocardial damage produced by cardiotoxic agents, two general categories of agents have been proposed based on possible mechanism of action (Combs and Acosta 1990; Greaves 2000). The first category includes agents with vasoactive properties, such as catecholamines, that compromise myocardial perfusion leading to localized ischemia with degeneration and necrosis of the downstream myocardium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suggested mechanisms for vasoactive substances include increased responsiveness to norepinephrine, predisposition of coronary arteries to thrombus formation, and production of coronary artery vasospasm, each of which could impair blood flow leading to localized ischemia. Administration of vasoactive substances to laboratory animals can result in multifocal myocardial necrosis sometimes accompanied by hemorrhage, macrophage infiltration, and eventual fibrosis (Greaves 2000). Thus, treatment of rats with vasoactive compounds can produce lesions similar to those of spontaneous rat cardiomyopathy, and it is necessary to observe an increase in lesion incidence and/or severity, as was seen with oxymetholone in female rats, in order to differentiate a treatment-related effect from spontaneous cardiomyopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Morphologic Aspects of Rodent Cardiotoxicity in a Retrospective Evaluation of National Toxicology Program Studies

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The heart is increasingly recognized as a target for toxicity. As studies in laboratory rodents are commonly used to investigate the potential toxicity of various agents, the identification and characterization of lesions of cardiotoxicity is of utmost importance. Although morphologic criteria have been established for degenerative myocardial lesions in rats and mice, differentiation of spontaneously occurring lesions from toxin-induced or toxin-related lesions remains difficult. A retrospective light microscopic evaluation was performed on the hearts of F344 rats and B6C3F 1 mice from National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies of six chemicals identified in the NTP database in which treatment-induced myocardial toxicity was present. Two previously defined myocardial lesions were observed: ''cardiomyopathy'' that occurred spontaneously or as a treatment-related effect and ''myocardial degeneration'' that occurred as a treatment-related effect. Both lesions consisted of the same basic elements, beginning with myofiber degeneration and necrosis, with varying amounts of inflammation, interstitial cell proliferation, and eventual fibrosis. This observation is indicative of the heart's limited repertoire of responses to myocardial injury, regardless of the nature of the inciting agent. A prominent differentiating factor between spontaneous and treatment-induced lesions was distribution and lesion onset. Once the respective lesions had undergone fibrosis, however, they generally appeared morphologically indistinguishable.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphologic Aspects of Rodent Cardiotoxicity in a Retrospective Evaluation of National Toxicology Program Studies

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sperm Granuloma (Figure 44): Testis arteriopathy is a common age-related lesion involving medium-sized vessels in many tissues, but the testis is a particularly common site for this change (Creasy 2012). The incidence can be affected by levels of fat and protein in mice, and food restriction reduces the incidences in rats (Greaves 2012b). However, a variety of procedures and pharmacologic agents can also initiate or exacerbate it.…”

Section: Fibrosis: Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammation in or around the arteries in the testis is usually a reflection of systemic vascular disease such as systemic hypertension or immune complex deposition. In rats, the most commonly affected arteries in both spontaneous and induced lesions are the small muscular arteries of the mesentery, pancreas, and testis; in the mouse, renal vessels are frequently involved (Greaves 2012b;Mitsumori 1990). Lesions are prevalent in strains that develop spontaneous hypertension (Fawn-Hooded rat and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats; Saito and Kawamura 1999) in repeat breeder males and in rats with experimentally induced hypertension (Akagashi et al 1996).…”

Section: Fibrosis: Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferative and Nonproliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Male Reproductive System

Creasy

Bube

Rijk³

et al. 2012

Toxicol Pathol

206

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and differential diagnosis for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the male reproductive system of laboratory rats and mice, with color microphotographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available for society members electronically on the Internet (http://goreni.org). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions of the male reproductive system in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

show abstract

Acute and 13-week subchronic toxicity studies of hot-water extract of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix in Sprague-Dawley rats

Han¹,

Kim²,

Nam³

et al. 2019

Toxicol Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cynanchi wilfordii Radix (CWR) is a herbal medicinal plant that is well-known and used in Asian countries as a health food. In this study, acute and 13-week subchronic oral toxicity studies of hot-water extract of CWR (CWR-WE) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, CWR-WE was administered once orally to five male and five female rats at doses of 800, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg. Mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored over 14 days. There were no treatment-related changes in these parameters and the approximate lethal dose of CWR-WE in male and female rats was determined to be > 5000 mg/kg. For the subchronic toxicity study, CWR-WE was administered orally once daily to male and female rats for 13 consecutive weeks at doses of 0 (vehicle control), 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day (n = 10 rats/ sex/group). There were no toxicologically significant changes with regard to clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, necropsy findings, and histopathological findings. These results suggest that the oral no observed adverse-effect level of CWR-WE is > 2000 mg/kg/day for both sexes, although target organs were not identified. KeywordsCynanchi Wilfordii radix • Acute oral toxicity • Subchronic oral toxicity Abbreviations CWR Cynanchi wilfordii radix CWR-WE Hot-water extract of CWR GLP Good laboratory practice Glu Glucose KHP Korean herbal pharmacopoeia MFDS Ministry of food and drug safety NOAEL No observed adverse-effect level SD Sprague-Dawley WBC White blood cell Toxicological Research

show abstract

Cardiovascular System

Cited by 7 publications

References 203 publications

Morphologic Aspects of Rodent Cardiotoxicity in a Retrospective Evaluation of National Toxicology Program Studies

Morphologic Aspects of Rodent Cardiotoxicity in a Retrospective Evaluation of National Toxicology Program Studies

Proliferative and Nonproliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Male Reproductive System

Acute and 13-week subchronic toxicity studies of hot-water extract of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix in Sprague-Dawley rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About