Care in Knowledge Creation

Expanding the concept of Ba: managing enabling contexts in knowledge organizations

“…This group of enabling condition also considered businesses processes where the concept of ba was actually applied in different researches. Here is a summary of our findings that can be useful guidelines for the management of enabling contexts in knowledge organizations: organizational culture: a critical issue to facilitate knowledge creation, a central issue to be shaped in a firm's ability to manage its knowledge more effectively and the most prominent enabler (Inkpen, 1996;Perez Bustamante, 1999;Gold et al, 2001;Lee and Choi, 2002;Roth, 2003;Alvarenga Neto, 2005;Adenfelt andLagerstrom, 2006 von Krogh et al, 2008;); organizational structure: involves organizational structure that foster solid relationships and effective collaboration, such as project teams, cross-divisional units and empowered divisions, among others (von Krogh et al, 2000;Lee and Choi, 2003); systems-based approach, hypertext organization (Gold et al, 2001, Nonaka et al, 2006; autonomous and self-organizing teams (Peltokorpi et al, 2007); organizational and inter-organizational processes: involves the application or studies/research of the concept of ba into business processes such as the management of salesforces (Bennet, 2001), ex ante project risk (Cuellar and Gallivan, 2005), supply-chain (Wu, 2008), inter-organizational healthcare communities (von Krogh et al, 2008), firms in networks (Lechner and Dowling, 2003), transnational projects (Adenfelt and Lagerstrom, 2006), family business context (Brannback,et al, 2008), industrial districts (Corno et al, 1999) and collaborative inter-organizational R&D projects (Johnson, 2000); Human Resources Management and organizational learning initiatives/projects: regards reward systems linked to knowledge-sharing (von Krogh et al, 2008) and the existence of flexible learning objectives (Inkpen, 1996); the cultivation of care through incentive systems, mentoring and training programs in care based behavior, project debriefing and other forms of learning-oriented conversations …”

“…care, mutual trust, lenience in judgment, active empathy, courage and access to help (Inkpen, 1996;von Krogh, 1998;Burton, 2002;Lee and Choi, 2003;von Krogh et al, 2008); tolerance to "honest" mistakes and mutual respect (Alvarenga Neto, 2005); actively encouragement of participation, nurture of innovating language while avoiding hypercorrection (von Krogh et al, 2000); accessibility of individuals and attentive inquiry (Nonaka and Nishiguch, 2001); interaction and open dialogue (Gold et al, 2001;Sabherwal and Becerra-Fernandes, 2003), collaboration (Lee and Choi, 2003); autonomy of freedom (Ford and Angermeir, 2005); contextual social interactions and evolving relationships (Peltokorpi et al, 2007).…”

Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science

“…If the cooperation among users is intense and sustainable, these might even outweigh individual user rewards (von Krogh, 1998;2002).…”

“…When the expected costs associated with free revealing are low, even a low level of reward can be sufficient to induce the behavior. As Lerner andTirole (2002) andvon Krogh (1998;2002) observe, adequate 14 rewards can be provided to participants in open source software projects in a variety of forms, including elevated reputations, expected reciprocity, and incentives to help build a community.…”

Empowering Society through Knowledge Records

“…From the cognitive perspective, for example, knowledge is perceived as externally justified beliefs, based on formal models, universal and explicit, that operate through cognitive processes. On the other hand, from the constructivist perspective, knowledge is viewed as acts of construction or creation, creative arts, not universal, beliefs that depend on personal sense making [23]. Often, knowledge is defined in terms of relationships between data and information.…”