“…The argument behind this Recommendation, that leave is a necessary but not sufficient condition for an equitable and sustainable relationship between care, employment and gender, is re-asserted in a recent comparative analysis of policies in four countries, which argues that “that statutory Parental Leave policy must be conceptualised within a broader framework of care-work policies and cultural ideas over care tasks” (Mazzucchelli et al , 2019, p. 241) This study adds a further condition to the Recommendation on Child Care, a “cultural dimension” that includes “ideas about who is responsible for the care of elderly or young people, in particular the role of the state and family, and how work and family interrelate; for example, formal and informal care in a country may depend on the provision of formal services, but also on ideas about the role of family as primary care provider” (Mazzucchelli et al , 2019, p. 244). In short, leave needs to be part of a coherent and consistent assemblage of policy measures and cultural attitudes.…”