Caregiving Across Diverse Populations: New Evidence From the National Study of Caregiving and Hispanic EPESE

Rote, Sunshine; Angel, Jacqueline L.; Moon, Heehyul; Markides, Kyriakos S.

doi:10.1093/geroni/igz033

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Black dementia caregivers were found to be 69% less likely to use respite services when compared with White caregivers 384 . Hispanic, Black, and Asian American dementia caregivers indicate greater care demands, less outside help/formal service use, and greater depression when compared with White caregivers 385–387 . Mexican American older adults who live alone experience dual risks of both greater cognitive impairment and receiving low support from others when compared to Mexican American older adults who live with others 388 .…”

Section: Caregivingmentioning

confidence: 93%

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2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

1,877

849

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This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the challenges of providing equitable health care for people with dementia in the United States. An estimated 6.2 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth‐leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth‐leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated in 2020 by the COVID‐19 pandemic. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 15.3 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2020. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $256.7 billion in 2020. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes — costs that have been aggravated by COVID‐19. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2021 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $355 billion. Despite years of efforts to make health care more equitable in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities remain — both in terms of health disparities, which involve differences in the burden of illness, and health care disparities, which involve differences in the ability to use health care services. Blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans and Native Americans continue to have a higher burden of illness and lower access to health care compared with Whites. Such disparities, which have become more apparent during COVID‐19, extend to dementia care. Surveys commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association recently shed new light on the role of discrimination in dementia care, the varying levels of trust between racial and ethnic groups in medical research, and the differences between groups in their levels of concern about and awareness of Alzheimer's disease. These findings emphasize the need to increase racial and ethnic diversity in both the dementia care workforce and in Alzheimer's clinical trials.

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Section: Caregivingmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Support from family and friends is associated with better self‐rated health for Black dementia caregivers, but not for White or Hispanic caregivers. A more positive perceived relationship between the caregiver and person with dementia was associated with better self‐rated health among Black and White caregivers 385 …”

Section: Caregivingmentioning

confidence: 95%

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

1,877

849

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Support from family and friends is associated with better self‐rated health for black/African American dementia caregivers, but not for white or Mexican American caregivers. A more positive perceived relationship between the caregiver and person with dementia was associated with better self‐rated health among black/African American and white caregivers 387 …”

Section: Caregivingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A more positive perceived relationship between the caregiver and person with dementia was associated with better self-rated health among black/African American and white caregivers. 387 Physiological changes. The chronic stress of caregiving may be associated with an increased incidence of hypertension 342,388-395 and a number of physiological changes that could increase the risk of developing chronic conditions, including high levels of stress hormones, 388 impaired immune function, 342,389 slow wound healing 390 and coronary heart disease.…”

Section: Caregiver Physical Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

2,046

653

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the future challenges of meeting care demands for the growing number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States with a particular emphasis on primary care. By mid‐century, the number of Americans age 65 and older with Alzheimer's dementia may grow to 13.8 million. This represents a steep increase from the estimated 5.8 million Americans age 65 and older who have Alzheimer's dementia today. Official death certificates recorded 122,019 deaths from AD in 2018, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2018, deaths resulting from stroke, HIV and heart disease decreased, whereas reported deaths from Alzheimer's increased 146.2%. In 2019, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.6 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $244 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2020 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $305 billion. As the population of Americans living with Alzheimer's dementia increases, the burden of caring for that population also increases. These challenges are exacerbated by a shortage of dementia care specialists, which places an increasing burden on primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide care for people living with dementia. Many PCPs feel underprepared and inadequately trained to handle dementia care responsibilities effectively. This report includes recommendations for maximizing quality care in the face of the shortage of specialists and training challenges in primary care.

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“…There was a very high correlation (r=0.698) between ethnicity and religion in this study. Many studies show that ethnicity is related to caregiving burden [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiver Burden among Informal Caregivers of Rural Older Persons in Nepal

Khanal¹,

2020

J Health Care and Research

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Background: Today, people are living longer than ever before due to advances in education, technology, medicine, food distribution, and public health. Longevity has also resulted in a caregiving burden in the family living together. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation of the elderly caregiving burden in Nepal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a rural area of Nepal. The total sample size for this study was 150 older persons 65 years and above. The caregiving burden was measured through the widely used scale Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: Mean age of the care recipients (elderly) was 78.46 (±7.78) years and the mean age of the care provider was 46.6 (±46) years. The mean score of the caregiving burden was 12.89 (±5.7). The majority of the caregiver has reported little or no burden (88%), 10% mild to the moderate burden, 1.33% moderate to severe burden and only one respondent (0.67%) has reported severe burden. Marital status, ethnicity, religion, living arrangement, and functional limitations on activities on daily living were significant variables related to caregiving burden. Conclusion: This study shows the caregiving burden is quite low among Nepalese care providers living in a rural area. Given the growing number of elderly people, there is an urgent need to care for the wellbeing of dependent older people and their families.

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Caregiving Across Diverse Populations: New Evidence From the National Study of Caregiving and Hispanic EPESE

Cited by 59 publications

References 39 publications

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

Caregiver Burden among Informal Caregivers of Rural Older Persons in Nepal

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