Carica papaya seed macerate as inhibitor of conjugative R plasmid transfer from Salmonella typhimurium to Escherichia coli in vitro and in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice

Leite, Ana A. M.; Nardi, Roberta De; Nicoli, Jacques R.; Chartone-Souza, Edmar; Nascimento, Andréa M. A.

doi:10.2323/jgam.51.21

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Results revealed that PLE diets and PL diets significantly (P<0.01) decreased the values of all studied microbes comparing with control diet except yeasts values were increased significantly (P<0.01) while Salmonella and Shigella were not detected in all diets. These results agree with Doughari et al, (2007), Emeruwa (1982) , Leite et al,(2005) and Mahendra and Nikhil (2016) Who reported that seeds of Carica papaya were found to possess bacteriostatic activity against several enteropathogens such as bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus, protease vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumonia. Among the grampositive and gram-negative bacteria tested the gram negative bacteria were more susceptible to the extract.…”

Section: Caecum Contents and Microbiological Assaysupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of Papaya Leaves and Their Extract Supplementation on Growing Rabbit Performance, Physiological Traits, Immune Responses and Oxidative Enzyme Status.

Abd-ElGhany

EL-Gebali

Gad

2021

Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science

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The present study aimed to determine the effects of using different levels of papaya leaves (PL) and papaya leaves extract (PLE) on productive performance, some blood constituents, oxidative enzyme status, carcass traits, immune response, digestibility coefficients and economic efficiency of weaned New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). Eighty four weaned New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) aged 35 days and weighed 564g ± 3.40 were distributed randomly into seven groups (12 each). The experimental diets contained different levels of papaya leaves and papaya leaves extract (0.0 controls (C), 1, 2 and 3% papaya leaves or papaya leaves extract, respectively. The experiment was lasted for 8 weeks. The obtained results indicated that: The final live body weight, total weight gain and performance index were significantly (P<0.05) improved in the treated groups. Digestibility coefficient and nutritive values were significantly improved for rabbits fed diet contained PL and PLE compared to those fed the control diet. There were significant increases detected for plasma total protein, albumin and globulin while blood plasma cholesterol, LDL and total lipids were significantly decreased by increasing PL and PLE inclusion level compared to control groups. Liver function as AST and ALT activity were not affected by dietary supplementation. Moreover the concentrations of IgG and IgM of rabbits were higher for rabbit supplemented with PL and PLE than the control group. GPx, SOD and CAT were significantly improved by dietary PL and PLE. The best economic efficiency had been recorded with rabbits fed 3% PLE inclusion followed by rabbits received 2% and 1% treatment of PLE, respectively. It is concluded that supplemental papaya leaves extract at the rate of 3 % of the diet improved feed conversion ratio, nutrients digestibility, immunity, and economic efficiency of the NZW rabbits.

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Section: Caecum Contents and Microbiological Assaysupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of Papaya Leaves and Their Extract Supplementation on Growing Rabbit Performance, Physiological Traits, Immune Responses and Oxidative Enzyme Status.

Abd-ElGhany

EL-Gebali

Gad

2021

Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science

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“…The compounds identified could be used alone or in combination with existing antibiotics to treat recalcitrant bacterial infections. Other antibiotics and natural extracts have been reported to disrupt conjugative DNA transfer and the presence of plasmids within actively dividing bacterial cells (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). In each case, however, the macromolecular target of those compounds was not understood and their mechanism of action has not been determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupting antibiotic resistance propagation by inhibiting the conjugative DNA relaxase

Lujan

Guogas²,

Ragonese³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Conjugative transfer of plasmid DNA via close cell-cell junctions is the main route by which antibiotic resistance genes spread between bacterial strains. Relaxases are essential for conjugative transfer and act by cleaving DNA strands and forming covalent phosphotyrosine linkages. Based on data indicating that multityrosine relaxase enzymes can accommodate two phosphotyrosine intermediates within their divalent metal-containing active sites, we hypothesized that bisphosphonates would inhibit relaxase activity and conjugative DNA transfer. We identified bisphosphonates that are nanomolar inhibitors of the F plasmid conjugative relaxase in vitro. Furthermore, we used cell-based assays to demonstrate that these compounds are highly effective at preventing DNA transfer and at selectively killing cells harboring conjugative plasmids. Two potent inhibitors, clodronate and etidronate, are already clinically approved to treat bone loss. Thus, the inhibition of conjugative relaxases is a potentially novel antimicrobial approach, one that selectively targets bacteria capable of transferring antibiotic resistance and generating multidrug resistant strains.antimicrobial ͉ bacterial conjugation ͉ bisphosphonates ͉ F plasmid TraI ͉ relaxase inhibition C onjugative elements are responsible for the majority of horizontal gene transfers within and between bacterial strains (reviewed in ref. 1), as first described for the Escherichia coli F plasmid by Lederberg and Tatum in 1946 (2). Conjugative DNA transfer is also the central mechanism by which antibiotic resistance and virulence factors are propagated in bacterial populations (reviewed in ref.3). Indeed, it is well established that antibiotic resistance can be rapidly acquired in clinical settings and that such acquisition is critically dependent on conjugative DNA transfer (reviewed in ref. 4). Small-molecule inhibition of conjugation could prove to be a powerful method for curbing the generation and spread of multidrug-resistant strains. Past studies suggested that various antibiotics, polycyclic chemicals, and crude extracts inhibit conjugation at concentrations less than the antibacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (5-11); however, most of these effects have been attributed to nonconjugation-specific inhibition of bacterial growth or DNA synthesis (12)(13)(14)(15). This study describes a bottom-up approach used to identify the first small molecule inhibitors of conjugative DNA transfer that target an enzyme of the conjugative system.The DNA relaxase is a central enzyme in each conjugative system (16-18) and thus is a prime target for inhibition. The conjugative relaxase initiates DNA transfer with a site-and strand-specific ssDNA nick in the transferred strand (T-strand) at the origin of transfer (oriT), forming a covalent 5Ј-phosphotyrosine intermediate (16,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The nicked T-strand moves from the donor cell (plasmid ϩ ) to the recipient cell (plasmid Ϫ ) via an intercellular junction mediated by a type IV secretion system (reviewed in refs. 19, 24,...

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“…O. gratissimum has been reported to show antidiabetic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitumor, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic, insecticidal, nematicidal, and antibacterial activities (4,5,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Also, scientific reports have revealed that C. papaya possesses immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, anticancer, wound healing, anti-fertility, abortifacient, diuretic, antihypertensive and antimalarial properties (10,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

Eze

Nnanna

Okezie

et al. 2019

The EuroBiotech Journal

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Endophytic fungi associated with Nigerian plants have recently generated significant interest in drug discovery programmes due to their immense potential to contribute to the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This study was carried out to investigate the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Newbouldia laevis, Ocimum gratissimum, and Carica papaya The plants were collected from Agulu, Anambra State, South-East Nigeria. Endophytic fungal isolation, fungal fermentation; and extraction of secondary metabolites were carried out using standard methods. The crude extracts were screened for antimicrobial activities using the agar well diffusion method, and were also subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to identify their constituents. A total of five endophytic fungi was isolated, two from N. laevis (NL-L1 and NL-L2), one from O. gratissimum (SL-L1), and two from C. papaya (PPL-LAC and PPL-LE2). In the antimicrobial assay, the extracts of NL-L2, SL-L1, and PPL-LE2 displayed mild antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive test bacteria. PPL-LAC extract showed mild activity only against S. aureus, while no antimicrobial activity was recorded for NL-L1 extract. All the endophytic fungal extracts showed no activity against the test fungi C. albicans and A. fumigatus HPLC analysis of the fungal extracts revealed the presence of ethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate and ferulic acid in NL-L1; ruspolinone in NL-L2; protocatechuic acid, scytalone, and cladosporin in SL-L1; indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-carbaldehyde in PPL-LE2; and indole-3-acetic acid in PPL-LAC. The findings of this study revealed the potentials possessed by these plants as source of endophytes that express biological active compounds. These endophytes hold key of possibilities to the discovery of novel molecules for pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications.

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Carica papaya seed macerate as inhibitor of conjugative R plasmid transfer from Salmonella typhimurium to Escherichia coli in vitro and in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of Papaya Leaves and Their Extract Supplementation on Growing Rabbit Performance, Physiological Traits, Immune Responses and Oxidative Enzyme Status.

Influence of Papaya Leaves and Their Extract Supplementation on Growing Rabbit Performance, Physiological Traits, Immune Responses and Oxidative Enzyme Status.

Disrupting antibiotic resistance propagation by inhibiting the conjugative DNA relaxase

Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

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