Carl Troll on nature and culture in the Andes

Gade, Daniel W.

doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1996.04.02

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Approximately 10 million people live in the Northern Andean páramo and the socio-economic decisions they make lead to a wide range of land uses and transitional pathways between land uses. In the Andes, human interaction with land has a long and culturally important history [16][17][18][19][20][21], but in recent decades new land uses and trajectories of change have emerged. These have been driven by new socio-economic and political influences [22], and are occurring in landscapes in which climate change is taking place at unprecedented rates in the history of human occupation of the páramo [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change in the Páramo of South‐Central Ecuador, 1979–2014

Ross

Fildes

Millington

2017

Land

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Land use and land cover were mapped between 3500 and 5000 meters above sea level m.a.s.l. in the Río Chambo basin in south-central Ecuador from Landsat MSS, TM, ETM and OLI imagery acquired between 1979 and 2014. The area mapped has been dominated by páramo and a variety of agricultural land uses since 1979. The main land-use transitions have been from páramo to agriculture, native forest to páramo and agriculture, and agriculture back to páramo. Significant areas of páramo have remained unchanged over the 35-year period analyzed, while the area of native forest has declined and that of bare soil increased. Plantations of non-native timber species increased from 1979 to 1999, but their area has now declined. Most land-use transformations have occurred at lower elevations in the 3500-5000 m.a.s.l. range. This is particularly the case for the loss of native forest and the degradation of páramo and agriculture to areas of bare (eroded) soils. A drivers-based approach revealed that these land-use transformations were related to import substitution and afforestation policies geared toward internal markets, exports and environmental conservation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change in the Páramo of South‐Central Ecuador, 1979–2014

Ross

Fildes

Millington

2017

Land

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“…The material discussed herein is deposited in the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru (MUSM) and was compared with (Gade, 1999). The collector of this specimen is not indicated, but Vachal described species from specimens purchased from all of the major dealers of exotic insects (Rasmussen, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collector of this specimen is not indicated, but Vachal described species from specimens purchased from all of the major dealers of exotic insects (Rasmussen, 2012). The only commercial collectors known to have been active in Callanga around the turn of the last century are the Garlepp brothers (Gade, 1999), Gustav (1862Gustav ( -1907 and Otto, who likely collected the type specimen. The exact locality and elevation is only an approximation but is with certainty around the Rio Callanga, a tributary from Rio Piñi Piñi and Rio Alto Madre de Dios.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Should be interpreted as in the vicinity of the city of Tingo Maria. 3 Callanga was an Inca economic outpost in the tropical Andean foot-hills where coca and other crops were grown centuries ago (Gade, 1999). The collector of this specimen is not indicated, but Vachal described species from specimens purchased from all of the major dealers of exotic insects (Rasmussen, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revision of the bee genus <i>Chlerogella</i> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Part III: New records and a new species from Peru

Engel

Rasmussen

2013

J. Melittol.

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Abstract.A distinctive new species of the bee genus Chlerogella Michener (Halictinae: Augochlorini) is described and figured from central Peru (Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa). Chlerogella mabelae Engel, new species, is quite distinctive from other species of the genus and can be recognized by its sculpturing, coloration, and male terminalia. In addition, new Peruvian records for C. azurea (Enderlein) and C. rostrata Engel are appended. INTRODUCTIONThe bee genus Chlerogella Michener comprises a diversity of distinctive bees distributed through much of the New World tropics (Engel, 2003a(Engel, , 2003b(Engel, , 2009(Engel, , 2010. Species of the genus range from Costa Rica to Bolivia and are largely found in the mountainous regions of these countries, particularly along the Andean range. When first described, the genus was monotypic (Michener, 1954), although two other species were subsequently ascribed to the group by Moure & Hurd (1987). The genus was recently revised and 34 species recognized (Engel, 2009(Engel, , 2010, and although the diversity has clearly increased, the number of available specimens remains meager. Effectively nothing is known of the biology of species of Chlerogella, with most of the recent specimens caught either in malaise traps, flight intercept traps, and a single specimen from a light trap.Herein is presented the description of a distinctive new species of Chlerogella (Fig. 1) recently recognized from material collected in a lower montane-premontane Podocarpus Persoon (Pinales: Podocarpaceae) forest in central Peru. In addition, newNo. 9 specimen records for two further species are provided as a supplement to the earlier revisions of the genus. The discovery of the new species brings the Peruvian diversity of Chlerogella up to seven species (Table 1). Most specimens were collected from very humid tropical premontane forests on the eastern foothills of the Andes, an area characterized by high precipitation and cloud persistence (Holdridge, 1967). This area also is formed by a transition zone between the higher montane forests and the Amazonian lowland forests, allowing for the existence of organisms from both forest types including a set of unique taxa such as the present genus. It is also noteworthy that all of the collecting sites, without exception, have been from areas with well-conserved and dense forest cover, at least at the time of capture. This apparent habitat preference contrasts with that of other species of Andean halictids, such as Neocorynura Schrottky, Caenohalictus Cameron, &c., that are rather common in disturbed areas. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe material discussed herein is deposited in the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru (MUSM) and was compared with (Gade, 1999). The collector of this specimen is not indicated, but Vachal described species from specimens purchased from all of the major dealers of exotic insects (Rasmussen, 2012). The only commercial collectors known to have been active in Callanga around the turn of t...

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“…One of the pillars of the traditional concept of Lo Andino (GADE, 1999) to maintain the agricultural and rural viability is the principle of Complementarity (Complementareidad). In agriculture, it includes the 'Vertical Control' (MURRA, 1975), the optimal use of altitudinal zones and the exchanges of the products between them, regional market exchange networks (RIST, 2000); polyculture and different crop and field rotation systems, VULNERABILITY, RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION: RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE TROPICAL ANDES 21 (Pirineos, 2008, Vol.…”

Section: Vulnerability Resilience and Adaptations Of Andean Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and adaptations of rural communities and agricultural land use in the tropical Andes: Coping with environmental and socio-economic changes

Stadel¹

2008

Pirineos

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Carl Troll on nature and culture in the Andes

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change in the Páramo of South‐Central Ecuador, 1979–2014

Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change in the Páramo of South‐Central Ecuador, 1979–2014

Revision of the bee genus <i>Chlerogella</i> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Part III: New records and a new species from Peru

Resilience and adaptations of rural communities and agricultural land use in the tropical Andes: Coping with environmental and socio-economic changes

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