Carlisle: Excavation of a Section of the Annexe Ditch of the First Flavian Fort, 1990

Caruana, Ian; Huntley, J. P.; Dickinson, Brenda; Hird, Laura; Cool, H. E. M.; Winterbottom, S. J.; Henig, Martin; Padley, Tim; Groves, Cathy

doi:10.2307/526104

Cited by 65 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Evidence of the export of doum palm has been found at Carlisle in Britain, where a sherd from a Roman ‘carrot’ amphora has a painted inscription in Greek referring to the fruit of the doum palm (Caruana et al, 1992; Tomlin, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of archaeological plant remains in tracing the cultural history of Mediterranean trees: The example of the Roman harbour of Neapolis

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we present a detailed record of the plant remains recovered on the palaeo-seafloors of Neapolis harbour, spanning ≈700 years, between the\ud 2nd century BC and the 5th century AD, thus intersecting the entire Roman Imperial Age. The site preserved many cultivated or cultivable plant remains,\ud especially from food related trees. This particular feature provided the opportunity to reconstruct the puzzling history of planting them and the Roman\ud economy, especially with respect to food production, the market and to dietary habits. The evidence suggests that Prunus persica, Castanea sativa, Juglans\ud regia and Pinus pinea were locally grown all along the investigated period, testifying for a well advanced arboriculture. A broad presence of P. pinea cones\ud could be related to their large use as stoppers for amphorae which probably was among the driving force for planting it actually influencing its original\ud range. The seafarers had extensive access to dry fruit such as walnut, hazelnut and chestnut that for its imperishable nature and the high energy density,\ud would probably have been part of the food-stocks of the galleys. Chestnut consumption, attested throughout the entire period in the harbour, represents\ud the first strong archaeobotanical evidence of chestnut as food in the Western Mediterranean in Roman time. This evidence shed light on the cultural-social\ud significance of these fruits that was probably eaten mainly or almost exclusively by low social classes. The exceptional find of Hyphaene thebaica for the\ud first time outside its native range is also reported

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of archaeological plant remains in tracing the cultural history of Mediterranean trees: The example of the Roman harbour of Neapolis

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dendrochronological dating of the fort at Carlisle to AD 72 (Caruana 1992) shows pre-Agricolan activity on the doorstep of modern Scotland. In the absence of similar dating evidence from other sites, the claims of those asserting an 'early' conquest date are unlikely to be readily assuaged.…”

Section: Questions Of Pre-agricolan Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scotland: The Roman Presence

Hunter¹,

Carruthers²,

Breeze³

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Scotland in the Roman world: Research into Roman Scotland requires an appreciation of the wider frontier and Empire-wide perspectives, and Scottish projects must be integrated into these wider, international debates. The rich data set and chronological control that Scotland has to offer can be used to inform broader understandings of the impact of Rome.  Changing worlds: Roman Scotland’s rich data set should be employed to contribute to wider theoretical perspectives on topics such as identity and ethnicity, and how these changed over time. What was the experience of daily life for the various peoples in Roman Scotland and how did interactions between incomers and local communities develop and change over the period in question, and, indeed, at and after its end?  Frontier Life: Questions still remain regarding the disposition and chronology of forts and forces, as well as the logistics of sustaining and supplying an army of conquest and occupation. Sites must be viewed as part of a wider, interlocking set of landscapes, and the study of movement over land and by sea incorporated within this. The Antonine Wall provides a continuing focus of research which would benefit from more comparison with frontier structures and regimes in other areas.  Multiple landscapes: Roman sites need to be seen in a broader landscape context, ‘looking beyond the fort’ and explored as nested and interlocking landscapes. This will allow exploration of frontier life and the changing worlds of the Roman period. To do justice to this resource requires two elements: o Development-control archaeology should look as standard at the hinterland of forts (up to c.1 km from the ‘core’), as sensitive areas and worthy of evaluation; examples such as Inveresk show the density of activity around such nodes. The interiors of camps should be extensively excavated as standard. o Integrated approaches to military landscapes are required, bringing in where appropriate topographical and aerial survey, LIDAR, geophysics, the use of stray and metal-detected finds, as well as fieldwalking and ultimately, excavation.  The Legacy of Rome: How did the longer term influence of the Romans, and their legacy, influence the formation, nature and organisation of the Pictish and other emergent kingdoms?

show abstract

“…In many cases the bones formed layers, and were much decayed, while the teeth and horn were well preserved' (Christison & Buchanan 1901, 368). The animals which provided the raw material for so many of the processes carried out in the annexe may have been detained in pens within the annexe awaiting use (Caruana 1992).…”

Section: Uses Of Annexesmentioning

confidence: 99%