Carnitine and Total Parenteral Nutrition of the Neonate

Schmidt-Sommerfeld, Eberhard; Penn, Duna

doi:10.1159/000243302

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Carnitine is a key cotransporter for efficient uptake of fatty acids into the mitochondria for -oxidation. Our results confirm earlier reports that the decreased circulating carnitine levels in TPN-fed infants reflect low carnitine stores and inadequate capacity for carnitine biosynthesis (54). We measured the carnitine content of the diet of ENT piglets (53.95 nmol/g diet) and found that the concentration in the plasma of these piglets was higher than what could be achieved from the diet alone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Multi-omic profiles of hepatic metabolism in TPN-fed preterm pigs administered new generation lipid emulsions

Guthrie

Kulkarni

Vlaardingerbroek

et al. 2016

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Multi-omic profiles of hepatic metabolism in TPN-fed preterm pigs administered new generation lipid emulsions

Guthrie

Kulkarni

Vlaardingerbroek

et al. 2016

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…It is well established that the fetus has limited ability to synthesize carnitine: during total parenteral nutrition, plasma carnitine decreases in premature infants and tissue accretion of carnitine declines (30). In the cord blood, the entire carnitine ester spectrum could be detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Carnitine Ester Patterns During the Second Half of Pregnancy, at Delivery, and in Neonatal Cord Blood by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Complex and Dynamic Involvement of Carnitine in the Intermediary Metabolism

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:We studied plasma concentrations of free carnitine and 30 carnitine esters by electron spray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry in 37 pregnant women at the 20th and 30th weeks of gestation and at delivery, and in their neonates at birth, and in 22 age-matched nonpregnant women. The plasma levels of acetylcarnitine and carnitine esters with more than five carbons were significantly higher, whereas the concentration of free carnitine was significantly lower at term than at the 20th week of pregnancy (16.75 Ϯ 0.89 versus 19.61 Ϯ 1.25). Almost all of C2-to C12-carnitine esters were significantly lower, whereas C16-and C18-carnitines with in-chain modifications were significantly higher in mothers at delivery compared with nonpregnant women. Plasma levels of free carnitine and C2-, C3-, C4-, C5-, C6-, and C16-carnitines were significantly lower, while concentrations of carnitine esters with 8, 10, 12 and 18 carbons in the acyl chain as well as C14:1-, C14:2-, and C16:1-OH-carnitines were significantly higher in mothers at term than in their neonates. The data of the present study clearly show dynamic features of plasma carnitine profile during pregnancy and indicate an extraordinarily active participation of the carnitine in the intermediary metabolism both in the pregnant woman and in the neonate. (Pediatr Res 62: 88-92, 2007) D uring the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the maternal metabolism continuously adapts, with accretion of fat stores deriving from aliments and then shifting to an accelerated catabolism of lipids in the late gestation (1). In human newborns, fat represents 15-16% of total body composition, and the accumulation of white adipose tissue occurs predominantly during the last trimester (2).Carnitine is a conditionally essential quaternary amino acid that plays a crucial role in beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and in ketogenesis (3-5). The carnitine molecule can form esters with FFA of different chain length; the endogenous (4) or exogenous acyl groups (6 -8) are transferred from coenzyme-A to carnitine by different carnitine acyltransferases (9).Availability of carnitine has been reported to be essential for the developing fetus (10,11), and carnitine is stored in increasing amounts in fetal tissues, mainly in the liver and muscle, during the last period of gestation (12). Fetal carnitine is derived from the mother via transplacental transfer of carnitine (13). The Na ϩ -dependent high-affinity carnitine transporter OCTN2 (14,15) is expressed in human placenta (16), and placental OCTN2 is necessary for the accumulation of carnitine in placenta and fetus, and, consequently, for the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in fetal-placental unit (17,18). Studies on OCTN2 -/-mice suggest that the placental carnitine synthesis might depend on the carnitine status of the fetus and/or the mother (13). On the basis of these observations, it is clear that further studies of maternal and neonatal carnitine status are needed, including the investigation of participation of carnitine ...

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“…Fetuses and neonates do not have the ability to convert g-butyrobetaine to carnitine. Therefore, in contrast to adulthood, l-carnitine supplementation is essential for fetuses and neonates whose source of carnitine is placenta and breast milk, respectively [33]. Soy-based and cow's milk-based infant formulas also contain carnitine.…”

Section: Carnitine: Biosynthesis Physiological Roles and Nutritionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcarnitine and cellular stress response: roles in nutritional redox homeostasis and regulation of longevity genes

Calabrese

Stella

Calvani

et al. 2006

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

119

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Carnitine and Total Parenteral Nutrition of the Neonate

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Multi-omic profiles of hepatic metabolism in TPN-fed preterm pigs administered new generation lipid emulsions

Multi-omic profiles of hepatic metabolism in TPN-fed preterm pigs administered new generation lipid emulsions

Determination of Carnitine Ester Patterns During the Second Half of Pregnancy, at Delivery, and in Neonatal Cord Blood by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Complex and Dynamic Involvement of Carnitine in the Intermediary Metabolism

Acetylcarnitine and cellular stress response: roles in nutritional redox homeostasis and regulation of longevity genes

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