Carnosine and taurine treatments decreased oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by d-galactose in rat liver

Abstract

D-galactose (GAL) causes aging-related changes and oxidative stress in the organism. We investigated the effect of carnosine (CAR) or taurine (TAU), having antioxidant effects, on hepatic injury and oxidative stress in GAL-treated rats. Rats received GAL (300 mg/kg; s.c.; 5 days/week) alone or together with CAR (250 mg/kg/daily; i.p.; 5 days/week) or TAU (2.5 % w/w; in rat chow) for 2 months. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-0050x), and glutathione transferase (GST) activities were determined. Hepatic expressions of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax and Ki-67 were evaluated. Serum ALT, AST, hepatic MDA, and PC levels were observed to increase in GAL-treated rats. Hepatic Bax expression, but not Bcl-2, increased, Ki-67 expression decreased. GAL treatment caused decreases in GSH levels, SOD and GSH-Px activities in the liver. Hepatic mRNA expressions of SOD, but not GSH-Px, also diminished. CAR or TAU treatments caused significant decreases in serum ALT and AST activities. These treatments decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation and ameliorated histopathological findings in the livers of GAL-treated rats. Both CAR and TAU reduced MDA and PC levels and elevated GSH levels, SOD and GSH-Px (non significant in TAU + GAL group) activities. These treatments did not alter hepatic mRNA expressions of SOD and GSH-Px enzymes. Our results indicate that CAR and TAU restored liver prooxidant status together with histopathological amelioration in GAL-induced liver damage.

Effects of dietary supplementation with carnosine on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and muscle fiber characteristics in broiler chickens

“…In the present study, dietary supplementation with carnosine significantly increased the activities of T‐AOC, GSH‐Px and T‐SOD in thigh muscle. Similarly, previous studies have found that carnosine supplementation increased the activities of T‐SOD and GSH‐Px in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs, elevated GSH‐Px activity in the liver and kidney of diabetic mice and decreased pro‐oxidant status induced by d ‐galactose in the liver of rats . The antioxidant action of carnosine mainly depends on chelating divalent metal ions and scavenging free radicals .…”

“…Similarly, previous studies have found that carnosine supplementation increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs, 26 elevated GSH-Px activity in the liver and kidney of diabetic mice 28 and decreased pro-oxidant status induced by D-galactose in the liver of rats. 30 The antioxidant action of carnosine mainly depends on chelating divalent metal ions and scavenging free radicals. 31 It has been indicated that carnosine can form charge transfer complexes with superoxide free radicals; at the same time, L-histidine can remove hydrogen peroxide radicals.…”

High salt‐induced excess reactive oxygen species production resulted in heart tube malformation during gastrulation

“…To assess the extent of oxidative stress caused by high salt, samples from HH7 and HH10 chick embryos or primary cardiomyocytes were homogenized and analyzed for SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH‐Px (glutathione peroxidase), and MDA (malondialdehyde) (Kalaz et al, ). The protein content of the chick embryos or primary cardiomyocytes was performed as previously reported (Zhang et al, ).…”

Carnosine prevents testicular oxidative stress and advanced glycation end product formation in D-galactose-induced aged rats

“…Galactose treatment was reported to cause increases in lipid peroxides and PC levels and decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities in serum and tissues like liver and brain, together with histopathological changes and progressive deterioration in learning and memory capacity in rodents (Aydın et al., ; Han, Lin, Lee, Liang, & Hou, ; Kalaz et al., ; Xiong et al., ). In addition, some investigators have detected that AGE levels were increased in serum, liver and brain tissues of GAL‐treated rats (Han et al., ; Song et al., ; Xiong et al., ; Zhou et al., ).…”