Carotene Confent of Alfalfa

Silker, Ralph E.; Schrenk, W. G.; King, H. H.

doi:10.1021/ie50417a016

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Freeze-dried samples were the most stable. Ethoxyquin treatment reduced oxidative losses but isomerization losses of neoxanthin and violaxanthin continued.Research on stability of alfalfa carotenoids during storage has been largely concerned with carotene stability (Griffith and Thompson, 1949;Silker et al, 1944; Taylor and Russell, 1938; Van Der Veen and Olcott, 1967). The importance of xanthophyll content has grown, however, as alfalfa is increasingly used in poultry rations to provide desired egg and skin pigmentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthophyll and carotene storage stability in commercially dehydrated and freeze-dried alfalfa

Knowles¹,

Livingston²,

Nelson³

et al. 1968

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Alfalfa commercially dehydrated to yield meals with different moisture contents and freeze-dried alfalfa were subjected to accelerated storage conditions and analyzed for xanthophylls and carotene at periods extending to 12 weeks. Individual xanthophylls were determined by thin-layer chromatog-raphy. Meals which had undergone the lowest losses during dehydration suffered the highest losses during storage. Freeze-dried samples were the most stable. Ethoxyquin treatment reduced oxidative losses but isomerization losses of neoxanthin and violaxanthin continued.Research on stability of alfalfa carotenoids during storage has been largely concerned with carotene stability (Griffith and Thompson, 1949;Silker et al., 1944; Taylor and Russell, 1938; Van Der Veen and Olcott, 1967). The importance of xanthophyll content has grown, however, as alfalfa is increasingly used in poultry rations to provide desired egg and skin pigmentation. Thompson and Maclay (1952) studied xanthophyll retention in commercially dehydrated alfalfa stored at ambient temperature and concluded that xantho-

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthophyll and carotene storage stability in commercially dehydrated and freeze-dried alfalfa

Knowles¹,

Livingston²,

Nelson³

et al. 1968

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…However, in midwestern and eastern parts of the United States, it is grown over a shorter season; therefore, it would be necessary to store cauliflower leaf meal produced in these areas for a period of several months in order to provide a continuous supply for the feed industry. Previous studies at this laboratory (Knowles etal., 1968;Thompson, 1950) and others (Silker et al, 1944) have demonstrated that considerable losses of carotene and xanthophyll may occur unless protective measures such as inert gas storage (Graham, 1944) or the addition of the antioxidant ethoxyquin (Thompson, 1950) are carried out. To ascertain the stability of the carotene and xanthophyll in dehydrated cauliflower meals, samples were stored in open shell vials at 90 °F and analyzed periodically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of cauliflower leaf waste for poultry and animal feed

Livingston¹,

Knowles²,

Page³

et al. 1972

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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1967) with the important ions being mje 30, 42, a relatively large parent ion and peak due t o a-cleavage of the alkyl side chain, with subsequent loss of NOH, as well as a peak a t P-17 due t o the loss of the hydroxyl radical. An important pathway can be described in the following scheme for the mje 42, except in the case of dimethylnitrosamine, which bypasses the a-cleavage step.The phenyl-substituted nitrosamines all have a n appreciable parent peak and a strong P-30 peak. The benzyl-substituted nitrosamines have a strong parent peak and a strong mje 91 peak, which in some cases is the base peak of the spectrum. The mje 91 is analogous t o the splitting of the bond / 3 t o the phenyl ring, as described by Grubb and Meyerson (1963).Currently, a more specific and detailed study is in progress utilizing both high-resolution mass spectrum and the metastable spectrum of each compound. This will allow us to more fully explain the fragmentations that occur.The determination of N-nitrosamines in food products and other natural substances is complicated by the presence of large numbers of interfering compounds. Therefore, adequate isolation and cleanup procedures are necessary t o permit sampling of the nitrosamines so that the spectra described in this paper can be utilized.

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“…PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ' Most plant materials, when fresh, contain about 80% of moisture; hence, any method of direct extraction of carotene should be preceded by drying, for which purpose preliminary blanching, and use of alcohol, acetone, and water-binding agents like anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and calcium sulfate have been recommended (3,8,17,26,41,42,48). As freshly ignited lime is a good desiccant as well as adsorbent for chlorophyll and xanthophylls, a number of experiments were carried out in which known amounts of leaf were macerated in a mortar and further triturated with varying proportions of freshly prepared lime, chemically pure and ignited for a few minutes at a temperature of 250°to 300°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Carotene in Plant Materials

Sreenivasan¹,

Vaidya²

1948

Anal. Chem.

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A rapid method for the routine determination of carotene in plant materials has been worked out by which the green tissues are triturated with a mixture of lime and anhydrous sodium sulfate. This results in their disintegration as well as adsorption of chlorophyll and other noncarotenoid pigments; the carotene itself is rendered readily extractable by petroleum ether or benzene and can be determined either as gross carotene or as its isomerides after chromatographic resolution. The method is particularly suitable for the analysis of green, leafy materials, feeds, and fodders and gives excellent agreement with standard procedures, but it can be applied with equal success to fresh fruits and vegetables.

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Carotene Confent of Alfalfa

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Xanthophyll and carotene storage stability in commercially dehydrated and freeze-dried alfalfa

Xanthophyll and carotene storage stability in commercially dehydrated and freeze-dried alfalfa

Processing of cauliflower leaf waste for poultry and animal feed

Determination of Carotene in Plant Materials

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