Carotenoid Content of U.S. Foods: An Update of the Database

Holden, Joanne M.; Eldridge, Alison L.; Beecher, Gary R.; Buzzard, I.Marilyn; Bhagwat, Seema; Davis, Carol; Douglass, Larry W.; Gebhardt, Susan E.; Haytowitz, David B.; Schakel, Sally F.

doi:10.1006/jfca.1999.0827

Cited by 477 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In plantain, evidence suggests that the yellowing of the fruit pulp during ripening is caused by the breakdown of the chlorophyll, a process which reveals the carotenoids, rather than by carotenoid biosynthesis, as occurs in other fruits such as apricot, mango or papaya [25]. Almost all the Musa analyzed (except dessert bananas) were found to have β-carotene levels greater than 121 μg·100 g -1 of edible portion, which is at least 5 to 29 times the b-carotene level (21 μg·100 g -1 ) found in bananas analyzed in the United States and the United Kingdom; although those bananas were not documented by cultivar name, they were most likely Cavendish, the primary banana cultivar marketed globally [26,27]. Also, some unripe plantain cultivars have greater amounts of β-carotene (700-1200 μg·100 g -1 of edible portion) compared with some papaya cultivars (80-410 μg·100 g -1 ) and passion fruits (500-1000 μg·100 g -1 ) [1,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid contents during ripening of banana hybrids and cultivars grown in Cameroon

Newilah¹,

Dhuique-Mayer²,

Rojas-Gonzalez³

et al. 2009

Fruits

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--Introduction. Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are staple foods in Cameroon and surrounding countries. Strategies based on the utilization of cultural and locally consumed foods are essential for the identification of solutions for the reduction of micronutrient malnutrition. Materials and methods. To assess the nutritional content of some varieties in order to assist the selection of new Musa hybrids, the carotenoid contents of 19 Musa cultivars and hybrids from the CARBAP (Douala, Cameroon) germplasm were determined at three ripening stages. Frozen pulps were analyzed for their β-carotene, α-carotene and lutein contents using the HPLC method. The retinol activity equivalents (RAE)·100 g -1 fresh weight were calculated for four representative Musa types. Results and discussion. Significant differences were observed between Musa cultivars according to their genotype. Plantain type (Mbouroukou n°1) and Musa hybrid (CRBP 755) exhibited the highest levels of RAE [(148 and 70) RAE·100 g -1 ] compared with dessert bananas (16 RAE·100 g -1 ). During ripening, the concentrations of these carotenoids increased or decreased significantly (α = 0.05%) according to the Musa type analyzed. The high β-and α-carotene as well as lutein contents of these Musa sp. could contribute to the nutritional status of people consuming these banana varieties in West and Central Africa and enhance their use in Musa breeding programs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid contents during ripening of banana hybrids and cultivars grown in Cameroon

Newilah¹,

Dhuique-Mayer²,

Rojas-Gonzalez³

et al. 2009

Fruits

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“…It is possible that the combined effect of high dietary intake of b-carotene in the first period and a normal diet during the wash-out period has given an incomplete wash-out of b-carotene. b-Carotene is present in several vegetables (Holden et al, 1999), and the random selfselected diet in the wash-out period may have continued to provide the subjects with high amounts of b-carotene. Thus, the 1 week run-in period before the second dietary intervention may not have been long enough to reduce body stores of b-carotene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b-Cryptoxanthin was estimated on the basis of the database The USDA-NCC Carotenoid Database for US Foods (Holden et al, 1999).…”

Section: Diet Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

et al. 2004

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Background: There is a need for objective and universally applicable biomarkers for the intake of foods believed to affect human health. Objective: The purpose of this feeding study was to test whether plasma concentrations of carotenoids could be used to distinguish recommended consumption of mixed fruits and vegetables (five a day) from the current national intake of fruits and vegetables (two a day). Design: A strict crossover design was chosen to correct for observed interindividual variations in carotenoid response. A total of 40 healthy subjects were included in the study. After 1 week run-in period with no fruits and vegetables in the diet, one group was given two portions (300 g) of fruits and vegetables daily, while another group was given five portions (750 g) for 14 days. Following a 2 week wash-out period and 1 week run-in, the regimens were switched between the groups. Fruits and vegetables were combined to match a typical Norwegian diet. Results: Enhanced intake from two to five portions of mixed fruits and vegetables increased plasma concentrations of a-carotene (P ¼ 0.033) and lutein (P ¼ 0.051) in a crossover analysis. Analysis of data in the parallel part of the study revealed differences between the high and low intake for plasma concentrations of a-carotene (P ¼ 0.013) and b-carotene (P ¼ 0.016). A trend was also evident for plasma concentrations of lycopene (P ¼ 0.057) and lutein (P ¼ 0.076) in the parallel analysis. No effect of high vs low intake of fruits and vegetables was observed for plasma concentrations of b-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Conclusion: The study indicates that plasma concentration of a-carotene, b-carotene and lutein may be used to assess changes of fruit and vegetable intake corresponding to an increase from the present national intake in Norway to the recommended amount of five portions of fruits and vegetables daily.

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“…We assessed diet over the 12 month period beginning 24 months before the interview and ending 12 months prior to the interview using the self-administered 100 item Health Habits and History Food Frequency Questionnaire (Block et al, 1986). We calculated individual mean daily nutrient intake using DietSys (Block et al, 1993), and updated using the most recent United States Department of Agriculture information (Holden et al, 1999;US Department of Agriculture, 1999).…”

Section: Subjects and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants, oxidative stress, and pulmonary function in individuals diagnosed with asthma or COPD

et al. 2006

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Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between antioxidant nutrients and markers of oxidative stress with pulmonary function in persons with chronic airflow limitation. Design: Cross-sectional study exploring the association of antioxidant nutrients and markers of oxidative stress with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 %) and forced vital capacity (FVC%). Setting/Subjects: The study data included 218 persons with chronic airflow limitation recruited randomly from the general population of Erie and Niagara counties, New York State, USA. Results: After adjustment for covariates, multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum b-cryptoxanthin, lutein/ zeaxanthin, and retinol, and dietary b-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamin C, and lycopene were positively associated with FEV 1 % (Po0.05, all associations). Serum vitamins b-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene, and dietary b-cryptoxanthin, b-carotene, vitamin C, and lutein/zeaxanthin were positively associated with FVC% (Po0.05, all associations). Erythrocytic glutathione was negatively associated with FEV 1 %, while plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were negatively associated with FVC% (Po0.05). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that an imbalance in antioxidant/oxidant status is associated with chronic airflow limitation, and that dietary habits and/or oxidative stress play contributing roles.

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Carotenoid Content of U.S. Foods: An Update of the Database

Cited by 477 publications

References 15 publications

Carotenoid contents during ripening of banana hybrids and cultivars grown in Cameroon

Carotenoid contents during ripening of banana hybrids and cultivars grown in Cameroon

Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

Antioxidants, oxidative stress, and pulmonary function in individuals diagnosed with asthma or COPD

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