Carotenoid Metabolism in Terrestrial Animals

Maoka, Takashi

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The pompadour cotinga ( Xipholena punicea) , a species from the Amazonian rainforest shows interesting structural carotenoids such as 3-methoxy-4-keto-β-ring and 2,3-didehydro-3-methoxy-4-keto-β-ring moieties along with canthaxanthin and AST [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of natural bioactive pigment: astaxanthin

Patil

Kasabe

Dandge

2022

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

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Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione) is an orange-red, lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment. It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon, shrimp, trout, krill, crayfish, and so on. It is also synthesized in microalgae Heamatococcus pluvialis, Chlorococcum, Chlorella zofingiensis, red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Some aquatic and terrestrial creatures regarded as a primary and secondary sources of the astaxanthin producing and accumulating it through their metabolic pathways. Astaxanthin is the powerful antioxidant, nutritional supplement as well as promising therapeutic compound, observed to have activities against different ravaging diseases and disorders. Researchers have reported remarkable bioactivities of astaxanthin against major non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and immune disorders. The current review discusses some structural aspects of astaxanthin. It further elaborates its multiple potencies such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, anti-TB, anti-viral, anti-COVID 19, neuro-protective, nephro-protective, and fertility-enhancing properties. These potencies make it a more precious entity in the preventions as well as treatments of prevalent systematic diseases and/or disorders. Also, the review is acknowledging and documenting its powerful bioactivities in relation with the pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical applicability. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of natural bioactive pigment: astaxanthin

Patil

Kasabe

Dandge

2022

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

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“…Therefore, an exogenous intake is required. Birds can synthesize retinol from β-carotene through the retinal enzyme [90,160], β, β-carotene-15,15 -monooxygenase, capable of separation into two retinal symmetrically molecules [161]. The vitamin A precursor, β-carotene is an indispensable nutrient for reproduction, growth, and production (the biological activity is almost 60% of retinol activity).…”

Section: Carotenoid Absorption In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Rhodotorula sp. Biomass to Active Biologic Compounds for Poultry Nutrition

et al. 2023

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In broiler chick-rearing, the color is usually acquired by synthetic carotenoids in addition to broiler diets (25–80 mg/kg feed), often represented by β-apo-8′-carotenal. In the past fifteen years, the demand for organic food products originating from free-range reared chicks started to grow, with a more directed awareness of the quality of meat and egg. Various investigations have been reporting microorganisms, such as the oleaginous red yeasts genus Rhodotorula sp., as fast-growing unicellular eukaryotes able to synthesize natural pigments. Rhodotorula sp. represents a perfect choice as a natural resource due to the capacity to adapt easily to the environment valuing low-cost sources of nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The biodiversity and the ecology effects establish novel boundaries regarding Rhodotorula sp. productivity enhancement and control of biological risks. It is, therefore, necessary to review the current knowledge on the carotenoid synthesis of Rhodotorula sp. In this paper, we aimed to address the pathways of obtaining valuable yeast carotenoids in different conditions, discussing yeast biosynthesis, bioengineering fermentative evaluation, carotenoid extraction, and the techno-economic implication of valuable pigment additives on poultry nutrition. Finally, the pro-existent gaps in research are highlighted, which may clear the air on future studies for bio-carotenoid engineering.

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“…Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid polyenes produced in plants, microbes, and by certain aphids and spider mites (Maoka, 2021). In plants, carotenoid biosynthesis starts with phytoene production, a colorless carotenoid with three conjugated double bonds, and continues with sequential reactions of desaturation and isomerization, which lead to the formation of all‐ trans ‐lycopene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin

Morote,

Rubio‐Moraga,

López Jiménez

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYCrocins are glucosylated apocarotenoids present in flowers and fruits of a few plant species, including saffron, gardenia, and Buddleja. The biosynthesis of crocins in these plants has been unraveled, and the enzymes engineered for the production of crocins in heterologous systems. Mullein (Verbascum sp.) has been identified as a new source of crocins and picrocrocin. In this work, we have identified eight enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids in two Verbascum species, V. giganteum and V. sinuatum. Four of them were homologous to the previously identified BdCCD4.1 and BdCCD4.3 from Buddleja, involved in the biosynthesis of crocins. These enzymes were analyzed for apocarotenogenic activity in bacteria and Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a virus‐driven system. Metabolic analyses of bacterial extracts and N. benthamiana leaves showed the efficient activity of these enzymes to produce crocins using β‐carotene and zeaxanthin as substrates. Accumulations of 0.17% of crocins in N. benthamiana dry leaves were reached in only 2 weeks using a recombinant virus expressing VgCCD4.1, similar to the amounts previously produced using the canonical saffron CsCCD2L. The identification of these enzymes, which display a particularly broad substrate spectrum, opens new avenues for apocarotenoid biotechnological production.

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Carotenoid Metabolism in Terrestrial Animals

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of natural bioactive pigment: astaxanthin

Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of natural bioactive pigment: astaxanthin

Transforming Rhodotorula sp. Biomass to Active Biologic Compounds for Poultry Nutrition

Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin

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