Carotenoid Pigments of the Dematiaceous Fungus Wangiella dermatitidis

Geis, Philip A.; Szaniszlo, Paul J.

doi:10.2307/3793103

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…In addition, viable highly melanized fungal spores were found on highly radioactive surfaces of contaminated buildings at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 12 years after the nuclear accident (Zhdanova et al, 2000). Carotenoid pigments are present in cytoplasmic vesicles giving a yellow-to-orange pigmentation to some fungi (Geis and Szaniszlo, 1984;Armstrong and Hearst, 1996;Moore-Landecker, 1996). Carotenoid pigments provide strong photooxidative protection against the eVects of singlet oxygen and radicals generated in the presence of visible light, UV-A irradiation, and heat (Armstrong and Hearst, 1996;Schroeder et al, 1996;Yang and Borkovich, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, the role of carotenoids in UV radiation screening is controversial. Blanc et al (1976) found that carotenoids did not protect Neurospora crassa conidia against far-UV radiation, but they did protect in the near-UV and visible light regions; whereas others reported that carotenoids protected fungal cells against UV-B and UV-C radiation (Geis and Szaniszlo, 1984;Arcangeli and Cannistraro, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Conidial pigmentation in fungi is very eYcient in protecting against UV radiation, primarily through limiting penetration and inactivation of solar-radiation-induced toxic substances, especially the free radicals induced by UV-A radiation (Geis and Szaniszlo, 1984;Will et al, 1987). Also, there are reports correlating pigmentation with heat protection, although the mechanisms are not well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mutants and isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae are diverse in their relationships between conidial pigmentation and stress tolerance

Rangel

Butler

Torabinejad

et al. 2006

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mutants and isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae are diverse in their relationships between conidial pigmentation and stress tolerance

Rangel

Butler

Torabinejad

et al. 2006

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…In addition to melanin, these fungi can synthesise carotene when light is present (Geis and Szaniszlo 1984). Some studies suggest that these pigments also neutralise free radicals and prevent phagocytosis within the host tissue (Dixon and Polak-Wyss 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fulfilling Koch’s postulates confirms the mycotic origin of Lethargic Crab Disease

Orélis-Ribeiro

Boeger

Vicente

et al. 2010

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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In the northeast region of the Brazilian coast, a disease has been causing massive mortalities of populations of the mangrove land crab, Ucides cordatus (L.) since 1997. The clinical signs of this disease, which include lethargy and ataxia, led to the disease being termed Lethargic Crab Disease (LCD). Evidence from a variety of sources indicates that there is an association between LCD and a new species of black yeast, Exophiala cancerae de Hoog, Vicente, Najafzadeh, Badali, Seyedmousavi & Boeger. This study tests this putative correlation through in vivo experiments. Disease-free specimens of U. cordatus were experimentally infected with Exophiala cancerae (strain CBS 120420) isolate. During the 30-day experimental period, only a single death was observed within the control crabs. However, at the end of this period, crabs that were inoculated once or three-times with mycelial elements and hyphae of E. cancerae had a 60% and 50% mortality rates, respectively (n = 6 and n = 5). These results support that the fungal agent is pathogenic and is the causative agent of LCD. Species-specific molecular markers confirm the presence of E. cancerae (strain CBS 120420) in recovered colonies and tissue samples from the infected animals. The experimentally infected crabs manifested signs (lethargy, ataxia and tetany) that were consistent to LCD-affected animals in the environment. These results fulfil Koch's postulates and the hypothesis that the tested strain of Exophiala cancerae is a causative agent of LCD is accepted.

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“…A number of these strains have been subjected to complementation analysis using spheroplast fusion protocols developed specifically for genetic studies in W. dermatitidis [16 , C. R. Cooper & P. J. Szaniszlo, unpublished data]. Some strains have also been investigated periodically during attempts to determine the role, if any, that DHN-melanin might play in the survival of this species in nature or during infections leading to phaeohyphomycosis [22,31]. Taken together, the functional studies all suggested that in nature DHN-melanin at the very least, serves to protect the fungus against the mutagenic effects of UV-irradiation, or the lytic effects of enzymes produced by competing environmental species.…”

Section: Melanin As a Virulence Factor In Phaeoid Pathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis

et al. 1994

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It has been said that 'Necessity is the mother of invention'. Certainly, that old saying applies to the terms phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis. In 1974 [4] and 1982 [2], these were proposed as umbrella terms to cover a growing number of new mycoses caused by moulds whose basic septate mycelial tissue forms were either phaeoid (Gr. 'phaios') or hyaline (Gr. 'hyaleos'), respectively.Primarily, they were intended to stem and counter the growing flood of new generic based disease names derived from the aetiological agents of the emerging opportunistic mycoses. Interestingly, these new mycoses were being encountered in increasing frequency during a period when medical and public health professionals were optimistically predicting that infectious diseases were well on the road to eradication [48]. After all, the incidence and prevalence of the world's killer microbial diseases, such as tuberculosis, polio and malaria, were waning. Was not smallpox on the verge of being obliterated? This hubris was based on the belief that tremendous strides had been made, especially in the Western nations, in reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. This feat had been accomplished in little more than a century by raising hygiene standards, conducting massive immunization programmes and through the discovery, production and widespread use of antibiotics.It is pertinent to note here that comparable advances, with two exceptions, had not been achieved among the mycoses. One of these exceptional developments occurred in the realm of the cutaneous mycoses that were caused by several anthropophilic dermatophytes. In Europe, the appalling prevalence and incidence of favus among children, as well as adults, infected by Trichophyton schoenleinii and the epidemic of Microsporum audouinii engendered tinea capitis during World War Two, which had erupted and spread rapidly throughout the Western nations, were, to all intents and purposes, eliminated along with the endemic European infections caused by Triehophyton megninii and the post-World War Two epidemic of Trichophyton violaceum infections in Bosnia-Herzegovina [36]. The demise of human ringworm infections in epidemic form became possible when X-ray induced epilation was introduced in 1904 [78, 79] and when the epochal orally administered antifungal agent griseofulvin made its appearance in the late 1950s [8,98]. The second exception was the veterinary triumph of eradicating histoplasmosis farciminosii among equines from the UK and Western Europe by a rigidly enforced quarantine and slaughter policy [14].Ironically, the advances in the control of bacterial, parasitic and viral diseases, as well as in the treatment of non-infectious diseases, such as cancer, made it possible for some of the well known systemic mycoses to proliferate, and for new fungal diseases to emerge in unprecedented varieties and numbers. The therapeutic measures used to cure

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Carotenoid Pigments of the Dematiaceous Fungus Wangiella dermatitidis

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Mutants and isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae are diverse in their relationships between conidial pigmentation and stress tolerance

Mutants and isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae are diverse in their relationships between conidial pigmentation and stress tolerance

Fulfilling Koch’s postulates confirms the mycotic origin of Lethargic Crab Disease

Developments in hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis

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