Carotenoids and Alzheimer’s Disease: An insight into therapeutic role of retinoids in animal models

Obulesu, Magisetty; Dowlathabad, Muralidhara Rao; Bramhachari, Pallaval Veera

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.04.004

Cited by 106 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…This opens a substantial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD by inhibiting YAP/Bax pathway [123]. A few plant extracts, carotenoids, antioxidants and Chinese traditional medicines such as SuHeXiang Wan [124] have shown neuroprotective effects but they need potential further studies to validate the neuroprotective effects [125,126]. Recently, it has been shown that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride (KHG26377) has a protective role against the beta-amyloid (Ab 25-35 )-induced primary cortical neuronal cell neurotoxicity [127].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Understanding of the Physiology, Pathology and Therapeutic Avenues

2014

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastative neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology. Apoptosis, a biological process that plays an essential role in normal physiology to oust a few cells and contribute to the normal growth, when impaired or influenced by various factors such as Bcl2, Bax, caspases, amyloid beta, tumor necrosis factor-α, amyloid precursor protein intracellular C-terminal domain, reactive oxygen species, perturbation of enzymes leads to deleterious neurodegenerative disorders like AD. There are diverse pathways that provoke manifold events in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to execute the process of cell death. This review summarizes the crucial apoptotic mechanisms occurring in both mitochondria and ER. It gives substantial summary of the diverse mechanisms studied in vivo and in vitro. A brief account on neuroprotection of several bioactive components, flavonoids and antioxidants of plants against apoptotic events of both mitochondria and ER in both in vitro and in vivo has been discussed. In light of this, the burgeoning need to develop animal models to study the efficacy of various therapeutic effects has been accentuated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Understanding of the Physiology, Pathology and Therapeutic Avenues

2014

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“…Dietary supplementation of carotenoids has been shown to play a crucial role in preventing several neu-rodegenerative diseases, including AD [61]. Retinoids are involved in neuronal patterning, differentiation, and axon outgrowth.…”

Section: Neuroprotective Potentials Of Retinoids In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Signaling Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Retinoids for Inhibition of Pathogenesis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Chakrabarti

McDonald

Reed

et al. 2016

JAD

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Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, interact through retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and have profound effects on several physiological and pathological processes in the brain. The presence of retinoic acid signaling is extensively detected in the adult central nervous system, including the amygdala, cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and other brain areas. Retinoids are primarily involved in neural patterning, differentiation, and axon outgrowth. Retinoids also play a key role in the preservation of the differentiated state of adult neurons. Impairment in retinoic acid signaling can result in neurodegeneration and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies demonstrated severe deficiencies in spatial learning and memory in mice during retinoic acid (vitamin A) deprivation indicating its significance in preserving memory function. Defective cholinergic neurotransmission plays an important role in cognitive deficits in AD. All-trans retinoic acid is known to enhance the expression and activity of choline acetyltransferase in neuronal cell lines. Activation of RAR and RXR is also known to impede the pathogenesis of AD in mice by inhibiting accumulation of amyloids. In addition, retinoids have been shown to inhibit the expression of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia and astrocytes, which are activated in AD. In this review article, we have described the chemistry and molecular signaling mechanisms of natural and synthetic retinoids and current understandings of their therapeutic potentials in prevention of AD pathology.

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“…Also, vitamin A deprivation could cause β-amyloid accumulation (211) and memory deficit (212) in adult rodents. The role of carotenoids in prevention of AD symptoms and delaying of AD symptoms was recently reviewed by Obulesu et al (213).…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease: Dawn of a New Era?

et al. 2017

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognition and memory, leading to significant impairment in daily activities and ultimately death. It is the most common cause of dementia, the prevalence of which increases with age; however, age is not the only predisposing factor. The pathology of this cognitive impairing disease is still not completely understood, which has limited the development of valid therapeutic options. Recent years have witnessed a wide range of novel approaches to combat this disease, so that they greatly increased our understanding of the disease and of the unique drug development issues associated with this disease. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the history, the clinical presentation and diagnosis, and we undertake a comprehensive review of the various approaches that have been brought to clinical trials in recent years, including immunotherapeutic approaches, tau-targeted strategies, neurotransmitter-based therapies, neurotropic and hematopoietic growth factors, and antioxidant therapies, trying to highlight the lessons learned from these approaches. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Carotenoids and Alzheimer’s Disease: An insight into therapeutic role of retinoids in animal models

Cited by 106 publications

References 125 publications

Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Understanding of the Physiology, Pathology and Therapeutic Avenues

Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Understanding of the Physiology, Pathology and Therapeutic Avenues

Molecular Signaling Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Retinoids for Inhibition of Pathogenesis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease: Dawn of a New Era?

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