2001
DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.38.1
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Carotenoids in Avian Nutrition and Embryonic Development. 1. Absorption, Availability and Levels in Plasma and Egg Yolk

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Cited by 151 publications
(121 citation statements)
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“…The antioxidant system of the newly hatched chick includes the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, catalase [52], fat-soluble antioxidants vitamin E and carotenoids [53], water-soluble antioxidants ascorbic acid [53] and glutathione [52] as well as selenium [54][55][56][57]. Vitamin E [58], carotenoids [59][60][61][62][63][64] and selenium [54][55][56][57] are transferred from feed into egg and further to embryonic tissues. Glutathione and antioxidant enzymes GSHPx, SOD and catalase are also expressed in the embryonic tissues at various stages of their development [52,65].…”
Section: Sod In Chicken Embryomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The antioxidant system of the newly hatched chick includes the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, catalase [52], fat-soluble antioxidants vitamin E and carotenoids [53], water-soluble antioxidants ascorbic acid [53] and glutathione [52] as well as selenium [54][55][56][57]. Vitamin E [58], carotenoids [59][60][61][62][63][64] and selenium [54][55][56][57] are transferred from feed into egg and further to embryonic tissues. Glutathione and antioxidant enzymes GSHPx, SOD and catalase are also expressed in the embryonic tissues at various stages of their development [52,65].…”
Section: Sod In Chicken Embryomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the same species, carotenoid concentration in plasma has been recorded at about 30 µg ml −1 for a body mass of around 18 g (Hõrak et al, 2004;Isaksson et al, 2007a); thus, the total quantity of circulating carotenoids could be estimated as 54 µg considering blood to represent 10% of body mass (Sturkie, 1986). In addition, it is known from supplementation experiments in poultry that the efficiency of carotenoid absorption in birds is about 20% of the used dose (Surai et al, 2001;Surai, 2002). Daily carotenoid intake should therefore have stayed within a physiological and natural range.…”
Section: Experimental Designmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Xanthophyll concentration in the product was 1.8% lutein and 0.2% zeaxanthin, confirmed with HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) analysis, and both carotenoids were in free alcohol forms readily available for absorption. It is generally accepted that efficiency of carotenoid absorption in birds is about 20% of the used dose as determined from supplementation experiments (Surai, 2002;Surai et al, 2001a). The quantity of carotenoids to be given with each supplementation was therefore fixed to be five times the total quantity of carotenoids circulating in nestling plasma, which was estimated as follows, based on data collected in 2000 in the same population.…”
Section: Data Collection and Experimental Protocolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Control treatment consisted of 0.05·ml pure sunflower seed oil per feeding. Sunflower seed oil was chosen because it is rich in mono-(24%) and polyunsaturated (65%) fatty acids, and contains natural vitamin E. Vitamin E will ensure protection of carotenoid pigment against oxidation before ingestion, and unsaturated fatty acids will enhance their absorption from the food matrix (Surai et al, 2001a). Supplemental food was freshly prepared each evening and stored at 4°C and in darkness until use the following day.…”
Section: Data Collection and Experimental Protocolmentioning
confidence: 99%