Carotenoids in Higher Plants

Goodwin, T. W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5860-9_5

Cited by 83 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 352 publications

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“…Among them β-carotene is the most widely spread in nature. Its presence has been described in the majority of lower and higher plants [8]. In man, this carotenoid pigment absorbed with food is enzymatically converted into two vitamin A molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary carotenoids in normal and pathological tissues of corpus uteri.

Czeczuga-Semeniuk

Wołczyński²

2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Carotenoids and retinyl esters are the source of vitamin A in the human body and its natural derivatives takes part in the regulation of cell replication and differentiation in the human endometrium, may induce the leiomyoma growth and has a role in differentiation of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the presence of carotenoids in tissues from the normal uterus and from various tumors of the uterine corpus, as well as to compare the total content, major carotenoids and % of carotenoids belonging to the provitamin A group between the tissues examined. Using three independent methods of chromatography (CC, TLC, HPLC) we analysed 140 human samples. We identified 13 carotenoids belonging to the eg. provitamin A group and epoxy carotenoids. In all the samples β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin and mutatoxanthin were isolated. In normal tissues, the mean carotenoid content was the highest in the follicular phase endometrium (9.9 μg/g), while the highest percentage of carotenoids belonging to provitamin A group was found in the luteal phase (18.2%). In the pathological group, the highest mean values were demonstrated for epithelial lesions (8.0 μg/g), and within this group -in endometrioid adenocarcinoma (10.8 μg/g). In both groups, violaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein epoxide and mutatoxanthin were the predominant carotenoids. We have demonstrated that all uterine tissues show a concentration of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, being the source of vitamin A. The highest total values of carotenoids obtained in the group of endometrioid adenocarcinoma seem to confirm certain enzymatic defects in carotenoid metabolism in the course of the neoplastic process or some metabolic modifications. The finding of astaxanthin -the major antioxidant among carotenoids -in 63% of tissues examined is also significant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary carotenoids in normal and pathological tissues of corpus uteri.

Czeczuga-Semeniuk

Wołczyński²

2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…in some non-photosynthetic organisms, such as certain bacteria and fungi (for review, see Goodwin, 1980). Carotenoid biosynthesis represents one intracellularly specialized branch of general isoprenoid metabolism in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

et al. 1997

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SummaryRice (Oryza aativa L.), the major food staple for more than two billion people, contains neither J~-carotene (provitamin A) nor C40 carotenoid precursors thereof in its endosperm. To improve the nutritional value of rice, genetic engineering was chosen as a means to introduce the ability to make I~-carotene into rice endosperm tissue. Investigation of the biochemical properties of immature rice endosperm using [14C]-Iabelled substrates revealed the presence of geranyl geranyl diphosphate, the C20 general isoprenoid precursor necessary for C4o carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytoene synthase, which condenses two molecules of geranyl geranyl diphosphate, is the first of four specific enzymes necessary for [~-carotene biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, the Japonica rice model variety Taipei 309 was transformed by microprojectile bombardment with a cDNA coding for phytoene synthase from daffodil {Narcissus pseudonarcissus) under the control of either a constitutive or an endosperm-specific promoter. In transgenic rice plants, the daffodil enzyme is active, as measured by the in vivo accumulation of phytoene in rice endosperm. Thus, it is demonstrated for the first time that it is in principle possible to engineer a critical step in provitamin A biosynthesis in a non-photosynthetic, carotenoid-lacking plant tissue. These results have important implications for longterm prospects of overcoming worldwide vitamin A deficiency.

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“…A denominação carotenóides é derivada do nome científico da cenoura, Daucus carota, primeira fonte de caroteno (β-caroteno) isolada por Wackenroder em 1831 (Goodwin, 1980). Os carotenóides pertencem a um grupo de mais de 700 pigmentos lipossolúveis e uma bioprodução anual de 100 milhões de toneladas torna os carotenóides uma das classes de pigmentos mais difundidas na natureza (Jaswir et al, 2011;Lerfall, 2016).…”

Section: Carotenóides E Extração Com Solventesunclassified

Produção de etanol a partir dos subprodutos de cenoura

Passos

Alves²,

Mendes³

et al. 2017

Rev. Ciênc. Agr.

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R E S U M OA cenoura (Daucus carota L.), planta da família das umbelíferas, caracteriza-se como uma das mais importantes olericulturas. Os subprodutos dos lavadores e das indústrias processadoras de cenoura podem ser valorizados com fins alimentares ou para obtenção de extratos para posterior utilização. O extrato de carotenóide da cenoura é o precursor de vitamina A, especialmente o β-caroteno, além de possuir função antioxidante. Os subprodutos gerados após a extração de carotenóides apresentam alto teor de biomassa lenhocelulósica, susceptível à produção de etanol de segunda geração. O desenvolvimento desta tecnologia permite o pleno aproveitamento dos subprodutos de cenoura, aumentando a produção de etanol. A presente revisão consiste em discutir a utilização da cenoura para a extração de carotenóides e o aproveitamento do resíduo gerado dessa extração para produção de etanol de segunda geração. Palavras-chave: biomassa, carotenóides, Daucus carota L., etanol de segunda geração A B S T R A C TCarrot (Daucus carota L.) plant of the family umbelliferae, is characterized as one of the most important olericulture. The by-products of scrubbers and processing industries carrot can be valued by food purposes or for obtaining extracts for later use. Carotene extract carrot it is a precursor of vitamin A, especially β-carotene, as well as having antioxidant function. The by-products generated after the carotenoid extraction at high lignocellulosic biomass content, likely to produce second-generation ethanol. The development of this technology allows full use of the carrot products, increasing the production of ethanol. The present review is to discuss the use of carrot for carotenoid extraction and the use of the waste generated from this extraction for second-generation ethanol production. Keywords: biomass, carotenoids, Daucus carota L., second generation ethanol INTRODUÇÃOA cenoura (Daucus carota L.) é uma hortaliça popularmente cultivada em clima temperado, originária da Ásia Central, pertencente à família Apiaceae. Caracteriza-se como uma das mais importantes olerícolas, pela sua produção e consumo mundial, pela extensão de área plantada e pela alta relevância socioeconómica (Hadley e Fordham, 2015).As perdas pós-colheita de cenoura são de grande magnitude. Ocorre quando as cenouras estão fora do padrão comercial no que se refere tamanho ou forma, ou cujo valor econômico não é suficiente para compensar custos de colheita e transporte. Embora sejam utilizadas para alimentação animal, estas cenouras ainda possuem propriedades físico-químicas e características nutricionais quase idênticas àquelas cenouras destinadas à comercialização (Aimaretti e Ybalo, 2012). Assim, essas cenouras podem ser utilizadas industrialmente e reinseridas na cadeia produtiva, como por exemplo, empregá-las na extração de carotenóides.

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Carotenoids in Higher Plants

Cited by 83 publications

References 352 publications

Dietary carotenoids in normal and pathological tissues of corpus uteri.

Dietary carotenoids in normal and pathological tissues of corpus uteri.

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

Produção de etanol a partir dos subprodutos de cenoura

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