Carotenoids: Potent to Prevent Diseases Review

Abstract

Carotenoids are the phytochemicals known for their biological activities. They are found in nature in the form of plants, algae, fungi and in microorganisms. This is the major group having two different structure one with oxygen and without oxygen. The Present article aims to present these molecules as a new therapeutic agent, as it has unrealized efficiency to prevent and reduce the symptoms of many diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, cerebral ischemia, diabetes associated with obesity and hypertension, ophthalmic diseases and many more. It can be utilized in the form of dietary supplement as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds. Yet more research and developing test knowledge is needed to make it available to the humans. In this article its sources, biosynthesis, properties, applicability and commercialization of pigments from naturally produced sources are discussed. Graphic Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using canthaxanthin fromDietzia marisAURCCBT01 and their cytotoxic properties against human keratinocyte cell line

“…Carotenoids function as an important food additives and display wide range of activities such as anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, etc. (Bhatt and Patel 2020).…”

Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids

“…However, the biological properties of CA are not limited to their antioxidant properties. The scientific literature has shown CA actions as anti-tumor [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], anti-inflammatory [ 19 , 20 ], neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antiobesity [ 21 , 22 ]. Therefore, algae have several CA with market interest (β-carotene, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin), representing a natural and sustainable source of these compounds [ 9 ].…”

In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to Biological Effect Evaluation, as Pilot Actions for the Strategy “From Waste to Profit”

“…Several studies have been conducted on the beneficial effects of carotenoids in the prevention and management of a large number of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, ophthalmic diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and infectious diseases [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. They can also be used as nutritional supplements in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals [ 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Astaxanthin (AST), contained in the exoskeleton and cephalothorax of crustaceans, is a cheto-carotenoid (3,3′-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4′-dione) belonging to the family of xanthophylls, derived from the oxidation of β-carotene. Due to its peculiar molecular structure, it has antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] that suggest important applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and the food industry [ 12 , 13 ].…”