Carotid Artery Calcification Is Associated with Deep Cerebral Microbleeds

Chung, Pil-Wook; Park, Kwang‐Yeol; Kim, Jeong‐Min; Shin, Dong Woo; Ha, Sam Yeol

doi:10.1159/000358513

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, silent lacunar infarction, white matter hyperintensities and smoking were associated with CMB in the deep or infratentorial regions. [19] In our study, hypertension, SLI, WML were associated with higher incidence of CMB, and thus were strong risk factors of CMB. The associations between traditional risk factors and deep or infratentorial CMB remained significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Relationship of cerebral microbleeds to inflammatory marker levels

Lu¹,

Li²,

Song³

et al. 2017

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Aim:The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, distribution and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the relation between CMBs and inflammation in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: Two hundred and one patients without acute infarction or transient ischemic attack were enrolled. The presence and number of CMB were assessed on susceptibility-weighted imaging. The traditional risk factors of CMB were recorded. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were tested. Logistic regression analyses were used for multiple-factor analysis of risk factors of CMB. Results: Of the 201 patients, 49 (24.38%) had CMB. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the age, the prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, MMP-9 were the risk factors for CMB. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, inflammatory marker levels remained to be associated with CMBs. The adjusted odd ratios of hs-CRP, IL-6 and MMP-9 were 1.745 (1.342-2.270), 1.223 (1.018-1.533) and 1.284 (1.082-1.423), respectively. Furthermore, inflammatory marker levels were the risk factor for deep or infratentorial CMBs and lobar CMBs. Conclusion: The age, prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, MoCA Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and serum hs-CRP, IL-6, and MMP-9 levels were the independent risk factors for CMBs. Key words:Cerebral microbleed, traditional risk factor, inflammatory marker level, susceptibility-weighted imaging Topic: StrokeThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Relationship of cerebral microbleeds to inflammatory marker levels

Lu¹,

Li²,

Song³

et al. 2017

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“…The range of the combined ORs was from 1.41 (95% CI 0.86 to 2.32) to 2.70 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.72). The result showed no significant relationship between large artery stenosis >50% and CMBs presence when excluding Chung's study,23 with an OR 1.41 (95% CI 0.86 to 2.32). The I 2 statistics and Cochran's Q test indicated the reduction of heterogeneity (p=0.423; I 2 =0.0%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Finally, eight studies including a total of 7160 participants were pooled in this meta-analysis (figure 1). 21–28 Four of the eight studies reported an incidence rate of stenosis>50%,23–25 28 and four studies reported mean cIMT 2122 26 27 Six of the included studies were cross-sectional, except that two were prospective 27…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between large artery atherosclerosis and cerebral microbleeds: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

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ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide evidence that biomarkers of large artery atherosclerosis, including arterial stenosis and greater carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), may serve as clinical markers of subclinical haemorrhage-prone cerebral small vessel disease, reflected by cerebral microbleeds (CMBs).MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies published before 1 July 2016. The association between arterial stenosis and CMBs was estimated by the OR and 95% CI. The association of cIMT and CMBs was calculated using the standardised mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored.Results8 studies including a total of 7160 participants were pooled in the meta-analysis. 6 of the included studies were cross-sectional, except that 2 were prospective. We found a significant association between arterial stenosis >50% and the presence of CMBs (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.36, I2=56.1%). A fixed-effects model suggested that patients with CMBs were more likely to have a greater cIMT (SMD 0.20, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.28, I2=24.7%).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis found that there is a relationship between large artery atherosclerosis and CMBs. Future studies are needed to confirm the impact of atherosclerosis on the CMBs, which may have potential therapeutic implications.

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“…Because deep CMB was reported to be associated with hypertensive brain injury, 12,13 25(OH)D might be inversely associated with increased hypertensive insult.…”

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confidence: 99%